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Finding out whether a candidate can do the job is incredibly challenging. The usual slate of techniques – from so-called “experiential questions” (“Tell me about a time when you didn’t agree with a coworker”)1 to Google-style brain teasers (“How would you go about finding out the weight of the moon using nothing but croutons”)2 to supposed leet code questions (“You have two linked lists and you need to combine them.”)3 – fall short in so many ways, but primarily they fail in the most critical way: 1 2 3 None tell you if the candidate can DO the JOB – the work of the work, day after day, showing up and pitching in and getting things done. Add to this the growing trend of candidates using AI during interviews by quickly typing questions into a separate window and then scanning for the “right” answer. And before you cry foul, just remember that every single company is using AI to recruit candidates, so fair is fair. Also, in what world would a real employee be chastised for using a tool (including AI) to solve a problem? Why would you handcuff them during the interview by prohibiting those tools, and how does this reveal anything about their day-to-day on-the-job performance? MEANWHILE… on the other side of the Zoom call, sits the candidate. Someone who is being asked to go through 8 rounds of interviews with each company, telling variations of the same stories in the hopes that the message of “I can do this job” lands and distinguishes them from the 9,634 other people vying for the same role. And they are getting… Those same lame-ass techniques that are either trick questions, invitations to invent an answer out of whole cloth, or irrelevant to this (or any other) job. In both of those scenarios, I’d like to offer up my favorite interview question. “Tell me how to get to your favorite restaurant.” “Tell me how to get to your favorite restaurant.” Why do I like this question so much? First, it can’t be gamed. There’s no empirically right or wrong answer. Any answer is fine (even if the candidate makes it up) because the critical information you gain doesn’t come from the answer, but from the WAY in which it’s answered. Maybe they ask clarifying questions first: “Are you a left-right person or a north-south person?” “from here?” “Are you driving or walking?”
Maybe they don’t.
Maybe they verify that I want what I said I wanted “My favorite restaurant is Thai food but it’s pretty spicy. Do you like that?”
Maybe just pull up Google Maps and show me the result. Maybe they ask clarifying questions first: “Are you a left-right person or a north-south person?” “from here?” “Are you driving or walking?” Maybe they don’t. Maybe they verify that I want what I said I wanted “My favorite restaurant is Thai food but it’s pretty spicy. Do you like that?” Maybe just pull up Google Maps and show me the result. Even in the variety of options for execution, there’s no ONE right way to approach it. I might be interviewing for an SRE whose job is to quickly fix things, and send a link to a Google map (or more appropriately a knowledge base article), who doesn’t burn a lot of time explaining why manhole covers are round or how they learned all this is what I need. There’s also the chance to see how they respond if I change the scope halfway: “Oh, I’m trying to be more climate-friendly. Can you tell me how to get there by public transportation?” No, this will not tell me if they can program a fizz-buzz in Perl. But it goes a long way to telling me how they approach a task and interact with a requester. It opens the conversation up to asking procedural and even technical questions along the way. “What tools do you normally use for this task?” “If that doesn’t work, what would you do next?” And so on. Also, if it’s not obvious, “tell me how to get to your favorite restaurant” can be replaced with any process that focuses on the experiential rather than a simple set of instructions or a single-answer question. Because the focus is on “your favorite”, not “restaurant.” Meanwhile, back on the other side of the Zoom call, whenever the conversation strays into those standard techniques I share this technique with interviewers (I’ve got chutzpa. I know.), but with a twist. “You know,” I start out. “I understand where that question is coming from, and I’m going to answer it. But I’ve sat on your side of the desk, and I know it’s hard to find ways to really assess a person’s ability to do the job. If you don’t mind, I’d like to share MY favorite interview question. “ And then I share it. And then I finish by saying: “And more than the question itself, I’d like you to consider that this is what I do. I quickly shared that question with you and a little of the idea behind it, and yet you can now execute it perfectly. Not only that, but you can go to your team, tell them, and THEY will be able to execute it perfectly as well. Because what pride myself in is finding solutions that scale. Solutions that not only work for me, but which can be quickly and easily shared with the team and allow everyone to have the same results I do. That’s what you get if you hire me.” “And more than the question itself, I’d like you to consider that this is what I do. I quickly shared that question with you and a little of the idea behind it, and yet you can now execute it perfectly. Not only that, but you can go to your team, tell them, and THEY will be able to execute it perfectly as well. Because what pride myself in is finding solutions that scale. Solutions that not only work for me, but which can be quickly and easily shared with the team and allow everyone to have the same results I do. That’s what you get if you hire me.” Interviews are hard. Hopefully, this idea catches on and makes it easier for everyone. If you’ve got your own favorite interview technique, let me know in the comments below. Footnotes: Footnotes: I’m sorry to all the HR folks who swear by these, but for a theater major, all you are doing is asking me to spontaneously improvise a plausible-sounding fiction where I come out sounding wise, insightful, and reasonably level-headed. Which we all know I am not. ↩︎


My son had the all-time best answer: “I would find an astronomer, ask them the weight of the moon, and throw croutons at them until they told me.” Chip off the old block, that one. ↩︎


Alberta.tech has the best answer ever. ↩︎ I’m sorry to all the HR folks who swear by these, but for a theater major, all you are doing is asking me to spontaneously improvise a plausible-sounding fiction where I come out sounding wise, insightful, and reasonably level-headed. Which we all know I am not. ↩︎ I’m sorry to all the HR folks who swear by these, but for a theater major, all you are doing is asking me to spontaneously improvise a plausible-sounding fiction where I come out sounding wise, insightful, and reasonably level-headed. Which we all know I am not. ↩︎ ↩︎ My son had the all-time best answer: “I would find an astronomer, ask them the weight of the moon, and throw croutons at them until they told me.” Chip off the old block, that one. ↩︎ My son had the all-time best answer: “I would find an astronomer, ask them the weight of the moon, and throw croutons at them until they told me.” Chip off the old block, that one. ↩︎ ↩︎ Alberta.tech has the best answer ever. ↩︎ Alberta.tech has the best answer ever. ↩︎ Alberta.tech has the best answer ever ↩︎

The Best Interview Question is “Tell me how to get to your favorite restaurant”

Най-добрият въпрос за интервю, който да зададете

La mejor pregunta para hacer en una entrevista

面接で聞くべき最高の質問

Интервью үчүн эң мыкты суроо

Motuna ya Interview oyo eleki malamu mpo na kotuna

Najlepsze pytanie do zadania na rozmowie kwalifikacyjnej

Najlepšia otázka na pohovor

Pyetja më e mirë e intervistës për të bërë

คำถามสัมภาษณ์ที่ดีที่สุดที่จะถาม

پوچھنے کے لیے انٹرویو کا بہترین سوال

Intervyu uchun eng yaxshi savol

Umbuzo Ongcono Kakhulu Wenhlolokhono Ongawubuza

HackerNoon’s annual Startups ✨ of The Year 2024 is coming to an end 🎉 🎊 ✨ With over 4.1M votes aggregated and 151.4k startups nominated across 2.9k cities and 98 industries, this edition has been our largest yet! What Does This Mean for Your Startup? Being nominated among so many remarkable companies is an achievement in itself. Winning signifies that your startup ranks in the top 1%, making a significant impact globally and surpassing thousands of other contenders. You have every reason to brag!!! ⏰ Voting Deadline: March 31st, 2025 You have until March 31st, 2025, to cast your final votes and support your favorite startups. Vote for your favorite startup now! The winners will be announced in April 2025 after the HackerNoon team reviews the results. (yes - people cheat every.single.year 😤) Our advice is to promote the sh*t out of this nomination (no, but really) to improve your startup’s chance of winning. Startups of The Year 2024 is brought to you by Wellfound, Notion, Hubspot, Bright Data, Algolia, and HackerNoon! 🏆 What Do Winners Get? Pride and validation from the HackerNoon team and community members.
Winner Interview.
Evergreen Tech Company News Page.
HackerNoon Merch for selected winners. Terms and conditions apply. 🗳️ Vote for the Best Startups People can vote once per day per award. ✅ To find a company, industry or city, you can use the search bar on www.hackernoon.com/startups. You can also filter startups by industry and location. Within these filters, startups are ranked by the most votes received or most recent votes. How does voting work? Vote for your favorite startup by clicking “Vote” next to the company name.
Startups can belong to up to 3 industries but only 1 parent category and 1 location. Click Parent Category & Industry Guide below for more information.
One True Vote: You can only vote for a company once. If you vote for a company using one filter (e.g., a specific industry), your vote will not count again if in the same session you vote for the same company using a different filter (e.g., another industry, or via location). Once you’ve voted for a company - it will become a universal vote regardless of how you find the company through different filters. The good news? The chances that a startup is discovered and voted for this year is increased 4 fold!
We weigh votes to elevate the voice of our contributing writers further, reward verified expertise, and prevent spam. HackerNoon published writers' votes count as 10, authenticated users' votes count as 3, and unauthenticated visitors have their vote count as 1 (pending spam reviews). The reasons for this are: The contributing writer, by publishing their words and expertise on Hacker Noon, has earned the right to have their voice count the most when it comes to who deserves HackerNoon rewards.
Authenticated users have much lower spam rate so their vote should count more. We want to continue to ensure that anyone can vote. All users can vote once on each award in voting season. Learn more on how to vote here. Want to know who’s been leading the charge? Check it out here! 📣 Spread the Word! Don't keep this exciting news to yourself - share it with your friends, family, and colleagues. Encourage them to participate in the nominations and voting process, and let's recognize the most innovative and impactful startups of 2024 together! Use the hashtag #startupsoftheyear or #soty2024 and tag us on social so we can find your post and reshare the love 💚 🚀Get Your Hands on a FREE HackerNoon Interview! Because you were nominated, you have the exclusive opportunity to submit and publish a featured interview about your startup on HackerNoon—for FREE! 👉 All you need to do: Browse our interview templates (here’s an example).
Share your startup story in your own words.
Get featured on HackerNoon (as long as it’s good, of course 😉). Last year, thousands of startups leveraged this opportunity to showcase their stories—gaining visibility among HackerNoon’s 5M+ monthly readers, industry leaders, and potential investors. See how they made their mark on HackerNoon. 🚀 Claim your free interview now! ⏰ Time is Running Out! The clock is ticking, and the opportunity to support your favorite startup is slipping away. Vote for your favorite startup now! About HackerNoon’s Startups of The Year Startups of The Year 2024 is HackerNoon’s flagship community-driven event celebrating startups, technology, and the spirit of innovation. Currently in its third iteration, the prestigious Internet award recognizes and celebrates tech startups of all shapes and sizes. This year, over 150,000 entities across 4200+ cities, 6 continents, and 100+ industries will participate in a bid to be crowned the best startup of the year! Millions of votes have been cast over the past few years, and many storieshave been written about these daring and rising startups. The winners will get a free interview on HackerNoon and an Evergreen Tech Company News page. Visit our FAQpage to learn more. Download our design assets here. Check out the Startups of the Year Merch Shop here. HackerNoon’s Startups of The Year is a branding opportunity unlike any other. Whether your goal is brand awareness or lead generation, HackerNoon has curated startup-friendly packages to solve your marketing challenges. Meet our sponsors: Wellfound: Join the #1 global, startup-focused community. At Wellfound, we're not just a job board—we're the place where top startup talent and the world's most exciting companies connect to build the future. Notion: Notion is trusted and loved by thousands of startups as their connected workspace—from building product roadmaps to tracking fundraising. Try Notion with unlimited AI, FREE for up to 6 months, to build and scale your company with one powerful tool. Get your offer now! Hubspot: If you’re looking for a smart CRM platform that meets the needs of small businesses, look no further than HubSpot. Seamlessly connect your data, teams and customers in one easy-to-use scalable platform that grows with your business. Get started for free. Bright Data: Startups that leverage public web data can make faster, data-driven decisions, giving them a competitive edge. With Bright Data’s scalable web data collection, businesses can grow from a small operation to an enterprise by harnessing insights at every stage. Algolia: Algolia NeuralSearch is the world's only AI end-to-end Search and Discovery Platform combining powerful keyword and natural language processing in a single API. HackerNoon’s annual Startups ✨ of The Year 2024 is coming to an end 🎉 🎊 ✨ With over 4.1M votes aggregated and 151.4k startups nominated across 2.9k cities and 98 industries, this edition has been our largest yet! Startups ✨ of The Year 2024 4.1M votes 151.4k startups nominated What Does This Mean for Your Startup? What Does This Mean for Your Startup? Being nominated among so many remarkable companies is an achievement in itself. Winning signifies that your startup ranks in the top 1%, making a significant impact globally and surpassing thousands of other contenders. You have every reason to brag!!! ⏰ Voting Deadline: March 31st, 2025 Voting Deadline: March 31st, 2025 You have until March 31st, 2025 , to cast your final votes and support your favorite startups. March 31st, 2025 Vote for your favorite startup now! Vote for your favorite startup now! Vote for your favorite startup now! Vote for your favorite startup now! The winners will be announced in April 2025 after the HackerNoon team reviews the results. (yes - people cheat every.single.year 😤) April 2025 Our advice is to promote the sh*t out of this nomination (no, but really) to improve your startup’s chance of winning. promote the sh*t out of this nomination Startups of The Year 2024 is brought to you by Wellfound, Notion, Hubspot, Bright Data, Algolia, and HackerNoon! Startups of The Year 2024 is brought to you by Wellfound, Notion, Hubspot, Bright Data, Algolia, and HackerNoon! Startups of The Year 2024 is brought to you by Wellfound , Notion , Hubspot , Bright Data , Algolia , and HackerNoon ! Startups of The Year 2024 Startups of The Year 2024 Wellfound Wellfound Notion Notion Hubspot Hubspot Bright Data Bright Data Algolia Algolia HackerNoon HackerNoon 🏆 What Do Winners Get? Pride and validation from the HackerNoon team and community members. Winner Interview. Evergreen Tech Company News Page. HackerNoon Merch for selected winners. Terms and conditions apply. Pride and validation from the HackerNoon team and community members. Winner Interview . Winner Interview Winner Interview Evergreen Tech Company News Page. Evergreen Tech Company News Evergreen Tech Company News HackerNoon Merch for selected winners. Terms and conditions apply. HackerNoon Merch HackerNoon Merch 🗳️ Vote for the Best Startups Vote for the Best Startups People can vote once per day per award. ✅ People can vote once per day per award. ✅ To find a company, industry or city, you can use the search bar on www.hackernoon.com/startups . You can also filter startups by industry and location. Within these filters, startups are ranked by the most votes received or most recent votes. www.hackernoon.com/startups How does voting work? Vote for your favorite startup by clicking “Vote” next to the company name. Startups can belong to up to 3 industries but only 1 parent category and 1 location. Click Parent Category & Industry Guide below for more information. One True Vote: You can only vote for a company once. If you vote for a company using one filter (e.g., a specific industry), your vote will not count again if in the same session you vote for the same company using a different filter (e.g., another industry, or via location). Once you’ve voted for a company - it will become a universal vote regardless of how you find the company through different filters. The good news? The chances that a startup is discovered and voted for this year is increased 4 fold! We weigh votes to elevate the voice of our contributing writers further, reward verified expertise, and prevent spam. HackerNoon published writers' votes count as 10, authenticated users' votes count as 3, and unauthenticated visitors have their vote count as 1 (pending spam reviews). Vote for your favorite startup by clicking “Vote” next to the company name. Startups can belong to up to 3 industries but only 1 parent category and 1 location. Click Parent Category & Industry Guide below for more information. One True Vote : You can only vote for a company once. If you vote for a company using one filter (e.g., a specific industry), your vote will not count again if in the same session you vote for the same company using a different filter (e.g., another industry, or via location). Once you’ve voted for a company - it will become a universal vote regardless of how you find the company through different filters. The good news? The chances that a startup is discovered and voted for this year is increased 4 fold! One True Vote universal vote We weigh votes to elevate the voice of our contributing writers further, reward verified expertise, and prevent spam. HackerNoon published writers' votes count as 10, authenticated users' votes count as 3, and unauthenticated visitors have their vote count as 1 (pending spam reviews). The reasons for this are: The reasons for this are: The contributing writer, by publishing their words and expertise on Hacker Noon, has earned the right to have their voice count the most when it comes to who deserves HackerNoon rewards. Authenticated users have much lower spam rate so their vote should count more. We want to continue to ensure that anyone can vote. All users can vote once on each award in voting season. The contributing writer, by publishing their words and expertise on Hacker Noon, has earned the right to have their voice count the most when it comes to who deserves HackerNoon rewards. Authenticated users have much lower spam rate so their vote should count more. We want to continue to ensure that anyone can vote. All users can vote once on each award in voting season. Learn more on how to vote here . here here Want to know who’s been leading the charge? Check it out here! Want to know who’s been leading the charge? Check it out here! Want to know who’s been leading the charge? Check it out here ! here 📣 Spread the Word! Spread the Word! Don't keep this exciting news to yourself - share it with your friends, family, and colleagues. Encourage them to participate in the nominations and voting process, and let's recognize the most innovative and impactful startups of 2024 together! Use the hashtag #startupsoftheyear or #soty2024 and tag us on social so we can find your post and reshare the love 💚 share it share it 🚀Get Your Hands on a FREE HackerNoon Interview! Because you were nominated, you have the exclusive opportunity to submit and publish a featured interview about your startup on HackerNoon—for FREE! 👉 All you need to do: Browse our interview templates (here’s an example). Share your startup story in your own words. Get featured on HackerNoon (as long as it’s good, of course 😉). Browse our interview templates (here’s an example ). Browse our interview templates example Share your startup story in your own words. Get featured on HackerNoon (as long as it’s good , of course 😉). good Last year, thousands of startups leveraged this opportunity to showcase their stories—gaining visibility among HackerNoon’s 5M+ monthly readers, industry leaders, and potential investors. See how they made their mark on HackerNoon . HackerNoon 🚀 Claim your free interview now! 🚀 Claim your free interview now! Claim your free interview now! Claim your free interview now! ⏰ Time is Running Out! Time is Running Out! The clock is ticking, and the opportunity to support your favorite startup is slipping away. Vote for your favorite startup now! Vote for your favorite startup now! Vote for your favorite startup now! Vote for your favorite startup now! About HackerNoon’s Startups of The Year Startups of The Year 2024 is HackerNoon’s flagship community-driven event celebrating startups, technology, and the spirit of innovation. Currently in its third iteration, the prestigious Internet award recognizes and celebrates tech startups of all shapes and sizes. This year, over 150,000 entities across 4200+ cities, 6 continents, and 100+ industries will participate in a bid to be crowned the best startup of the year! Millions of votes have been cast over the past few years, and many stories have been written about these daring and rising startups. Startups of The Year 2024 many stories The winners will get a free interview on HackerNoon and an Evergreen Tech Company News page. free interview Evergreen Tech Company News Visit our FAQ page to learn more. FAQ Download our design assets here . here Check out the Startups of the Year Merch Shop here . here HackerNoon’s Startups of The Year is a branding opportunity unlike any other. Whether your goal is brand awareness or lead generation, HackerNoon has curated startup-friendly packages to solve your marketing challenges. startup-friendly packages Meet our sponsors: Meet our sponsors: Wellfound: Join the #1 global, startup-focused community . At Wellfound, we're not just a job board—we're the place where top startup talent and the world's most exciting companies connect to build the future. Wellfound: Join the #1 global, startup-focused community Notion: Notion is trusted and loved by thousands of startups as their connected workspace—from building product roadmaps to tracking fundraising. Try Notion with unlimited AI, FREE for up to 6 months , to build and scale your company with one powerful tool. Get your offer now ! Notion: Try Notion with unlimited AI, FREE for up to 6 months Get your offer now ! Hubspot: If you’re looking for a smart CRM platform that meets the needs of small businesses, look no further than HubSpot. Seamlessly connect your data, teams and customers in one easy-to-use scalable platform that grows with your business. Get started for free . Hubspot: Get started for free Bright Data: Startups that leverage public web data can make faster, data-driven decisions, giving them a competitive edge. With Bright Data’s scalable web data collection , businesses can grow from a small operation to an enterprise by harnessing insights at every stage. Bright Data: Bright Data’s scalable web data collection Algolia: Algolia NeuralSearch is the world's only AI end-to-end Search and Discovery Platform combining powerful keyword and natural language processing in a single API. Algolia: AI end-to-end Search and Discovery Platform

🏆 Startups of the Year 2024: Less Than a Month Left to Vote for Your Favorite Startup

🏆 2024-cü ilin startapları: Sevimli Startapınıza səs verməyə bir aydan az vaxt qalıb

🏆 Стартапы 2024 года: засталося менш за месяц, каб прагаласаваць за ваш любімы стартап

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🏆 Startup pou ane 2024 la: Mwens pase yon mwa rete pou vote pou startup pi renmen ou

🏆 2024年スタートアップ・オブ・ザ・イヤー：お気に入りのスタートアップに投票できる残り時間は1か月未満

🏆 2024 වසරේ ආරම්භක ව්‍යාපාර: ඔබේ ප්‍රියතම ආරම්භක ව්‍යාපාරයට ඡන්දය දීමට මාසයකටත් අඩු කාලයක් ඉතිරිව ඇත

🏆 Kutanga kweGore 2024: Pasingasviki Mwedzi Wasara Kuti Uvhote Yekwaunofarira Kutanga

🏆 Vianzio vya Mwaka 2024: Chini ya Mwezi Umesalia ili Kupigia Kura Kipindi Unachokipenda zaidi

🏆 2024 ஆம் ஆண்டின் ஸ்டார்ட்அப்கள்: உங்களுக்குப் பிடித்த ஸ்டார்ட்அப்பிற்கு வாக்களிக்க இன்னும் ஒரு மாதத்திற்கும் குறைவான நேரமே உள்ளது

🏆 สตาร์ทอัพแห่งปี 2024: เหลือเวลาโหวตสตาร์ทอัพที่คุณชื่นชอบไม่ถึงหนึ่งเดือน

24 2024-nji ýylyň başlangyçlary: Halaýan başlangyjyňyza ses bermek üçin bir aýdan az wagt

Author:
(1) Andrew J. Peterson, University of Poitiers (andrew.peterson@univ-poitiers.fr). Table of Links Abstract and Introduction Related Work The media, filter bubbles and echo chambers Network effects and Information Cascades Model collapse Known biases in LLMs A Model of Knowledge Collapse Results Discussion and References Appendix Comparing width of the tails Defining knowledge collapse Known biases in LLMs Newer AI models such as LLMs are not immune to the problems of bias identified and measured in machine learning algorithms (Nazer et al., 2023) and which have plagued predictive algorithms in real-world uses cases going back to at least the 1930s (Christian, 2021, Ch.2). Unsurprisingly, LLMs are better at recalling facts that occur frequently within the training data and struggle with long-tail knowledge (Kandpal et al., 2023). Das et al. (2024) identify a range of shortcomings of LLMs in attempting to generate human-like texts, such as underrepresenting minority viewpoints and reducing the broad concept of “positive” text to that simply of expressing “joy”. Recent work attempts to address these issues through a variety of methods, for example by upsampling underrepresented features on which prediction is otherwise sub-optimal (Gesi et al., 2023), or evaluating the importance of input data using shapely values (Karlas et al ˇ ., 2022). However, the mechanistic interpretability work on LLMs to date suggest that our understanding, while improving, is still very limited (e.g. Kramar et al ´ ., 2024; Wu et al., 2023). As such, direct methods for overcoming such biases are, at a minimum, not close at hand. Finally, while much of the focus is naturally on overt racial and gender biases, there may also be pervasive but less observable biases in the content and form of the output. Wendler et al. (2024), for example, provide evidence that that current LLMs trained on large amounts of English text ‘rely on’ English in their latent representations, as if a kind of reference language. One particular area in which the diversity of LLM outputs has been analyzed is on a token-by-token level in the context of decoding strategies. In some situations, using beam search to choose the most likely next token can create degenerate repetitive phrases (Su et al., 2022). Furthermore, a bit like Thelonious Monk’s melodic lines, humans do not string together sequences of the most likely words but occasionally try to surprise the listener by sampling from low-probability words, defying conventions, etc. Holtzman et al. (2020) (referring to Grice, 1975). This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 DEED license. Author: (1) Andrew J. Peterson, University of Poitiers (andrew.peterson@univ-poitiers.fr). Author: Author: (1) Andrew J. Peterson, University of Poitiers (andrew.peterson@univ-poitiers.fr). Table of Links Abstract and Introduction Abstract and Introduction Related Work Related Work The media, filter bubbles and echo chambers The media, filter bubbles and echo chambers Network effects and Information Cascades Network effects and Information Cascades Model collapse Model collapse Known biases in LLMs Known biases in LLMs A Model of Knowledge Collapse A Model of Knowledge Collapse Results Results Discussion and References Discussion and References Appendix Appendix Appendix Comparing width of the tails Comparing width of the tails Defining knowledge collapse Defining knowledge collapse Known biases in LLMs Newer AI models such as LLMs are not immune to the problems of bias identified and measured in machine learning algorithms (Nazer et al., 2023) and which have plagued predictive algorithms in real-world uses cases going back to at least the 1930s (Christian, 2021, Ch.2). Unsurprisingly, LLMs are better at recalling facts that occur frequently within the training data and struggle with long-tail knowledge (Kandpal et al., 2023). Das et al. (2024) identify a range of shortcomings of LLMs in attempting to generate human-like texts, such as underrepresenting minority viewpoints and reducing the broad concept of “positive” text to that simply of expressing “joy”. Recent work attempts to address these issues through a variety of methods, for example by upsampling underrepresented features on which prediction is otherwise sub-optimal (Gesi et al., 2023), or evaluating the importance of input data using shapely values (Karlas et al ˇ ., 2022). However, the mechanistic interpretability work on LLMs to date suggest that our understanding, while improving, is still very limited (e.g. Kramar et al ´ ., 2024; Wu et al., 2023). As such, direct methods for overcoming such biases are, at a minimum, not close at hand. Finally, while much of the focus is naturally on overt racial and gender biases, there may also be pervasive but less observable biases in the content and form of the output. Wendler et al. (2024), for example, provide evidence that that current LLMs trained on large amounts of English text ‘rely on’ English in their latent representations, as if a kind of reference language. One particular area in which the diversity of LLM outputs has been analyzed is on a token-by-token level in the context of decoding strategies. In some situations, using beam search to choose the most likely next token can create degenerate repetitive phrases (Su et al., 2022). Furthermore, a bit like Thelonious Monk’s melodic lines, humans do not string together sequences of the most likely words but occasionally try to surprise the listener by sampling from low-probability words, defying conventions, etc. Holtzman et al. (2020) (referring to Grice, 1975). This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 DEED license. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 DEED license. available on arxiv available on arxiv

Your AI Has a Favorite Opinion—And It’s Not Yours

Victoria, Seychelles, January 16th, 2025/Chainwire/--Recently, despite the pressure due to the appeal of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, XRP has shown strength, with market sentiment reaching new highs. Multiple positive factors have driven XRP's price to soar, and analysts are optimistic about its prospects, predicting a potential breakthrough of the $5 milestone. In this regard, BYDFi has consistently retained its position as the go-to trading platform for XRP investors, thanks to its robust user base and superior trading matching system. SEC’s Appeal Fails to Shake Ripple’s Confidence On January 15, 2025, the SEC formally filed an appeal with the Second Circuit Court to overturn Judge Analisa Torres' July 2023 ruling. The SEC argues that Ripple's sale of XRP to retail investors qualifies as an unregistered securities offering. Using the Howey Test, the SEC claims Ripple's promotional activities created profit expectations, thus constituting an investment contract. Ripple’s Chief Legal Officer Stuart Alderoty responded: "As expected, the SEC’s appeal brief is a rehash of already failed arguments –and likely to be abandoned by the next administration. We’ll respond formally in due time. For now, know this: the SEC’s lawsuit is just noise. A new era of pro-innovation regulation is coming, and Ripple is thriving." This legal battle, ongoing since December 2020, remains one of the most closely followed developments in the crypto industry. XRP’s Technical and Sentiment Synergy Drives a Bullish Outlook Despite the SEC’s appeal, XRP's market performance has remained unshaken, exhibiting a strong bullish trend. As of now, XRP is priced at $3.2657, marking a 7-year high. Its 24-hour trading volume has surged to nearly $25 billion, with a total market capitalization of $187.485 billion, surpassing USDT and ranking third globally among cryptocurrencies. Technical analysis indicates that XRP has broken past key resistance levels, with bulls firmly in control. In a favorable macroeconomic environment, XRP is expected to challenge the $5 target in the near term. Global Search Trends and Whale Activity Boost XRP Confidence XRP's global search popularity has surpassed Bitcoin on Google, reflecting heightened market interest. This suggests investors may be shifting capital from Bitcoin to XRP, further fueling optimism. Data from analytics firm Santiment shows a continuous increase in whale interest in XRP. Since November 12, addresses holding 1 to 10 million XRP have added 1.4 billion tokens, worth over $3.8 billion. Even during price consolidations following early 2024 highs, whales maintained their accumulation behavior signaling that XRP's appeal to institutional and large-scale investors is steadily increasing. XRP's strong performance is not only attributed to positive legal developments but also its expanding ecosystem. The potential approval of an XRP spot ETF is a core driver of market optimism. According to a JPMorgan report, an approved ETF could attract $4 billion to $8 billion in net new assets. BYDFi Exchange: The Top Platform for XRP Investors As XRP continues its upward trajectory, BYDFi stands out as the preferred platform for investors, thanks to its cutting-edge technology and strong user foundation. Comprehensive Trading Options: BYDFi offers spot trading, perpetual contracts, and leveraged tokens, providing a flexible trading environment for users.
Low Fees and Efficient Matching System: Investors highly praise BYDFi for its competitive fees and high-speed matching system.
Trusted and Reliable: On social media and in professional communities, investors generally view BYDFi as a stable, secure, and efficient trading service, making it the ideal choice for XRP investment. Michael, Co-Founder of BYDFi, stated: "In the fast-evolving global crypto market, we remain committed to user-centric innovation. With low fees, high liquidity, innovative trading features, adherence to global compliance standards, and multi-layered security measures, BYDFi provides a world-class trading experience, helping users seize market opportunities.” Currently, BYDFi is offering a special welcome bonus of up to 8,100 USDT for new users. Visit the official BYDFi website or download the app for more details. About BYDFi Founded in 2020, BYDFi is ranked among Forbes’ top 10 global crypto exchanges and trusted by over 1,000,000 of users worldwide. The platform supports over 600 cryptocurrencies for spot trading and offers perpetual contracts with leverage ranging from 1x to 200x, meeting diverse user needs. Strategic partnerships with leading payment providers like Banxa, Transak, and Mercuryo simplify the crypto purchasing process, ensuring low-cost transactions. Website: https://www.bydfi.com
Customer Support: CS@bydfi.com
Business Inquiries: BD@bydfi.com
Media Contact: media@bydfi.com
Social Media: Twitter | LinkedIn | Facebook | Telegram | YouTube Contact Senior Marketing Director Chloe BYDFi Fintech LTD chloe@bydfi.com This story was distributed as a release by Chainwire under HackerNoon’s Business Blogging Program. Learn more about the program here Victoria, Seychelles, January 16th, 2025/Chainwire/--Recently, despite the pressure due to the appeal of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, XRP has shown strength, with market sentiment reaching new highs. Multiple positive factors have driven XRP's price to soar, and analysts are optimistic about its prospects, predicting a potential breakthrough of the $5 milestone. XRP's price XRP's price In this regard, BYDFi has consistently retained its position as the go-to trading platform for XRP investors, thanks to its robust user base and superior trading matching system. BYDFi BYDFi SEC’s Appeal Fails to Shake Ripple’s Confidence On January 15, 2025, the SEC formally filed an appeal with the Second Circuit Court to overturn Judge Analisa Torres' July 2023 ruling. The SEC argues that Ripple's sale of XRP to retail investors qualifies as an unregistered securities offering. Using the Howey Test, the SEC claims Ripple's promotional activities created profit expectations, thus constituting an investment contract. Ripple’s Chief Legal Officer Stuart Alderoty responded: Stuart Alderoty Stuart Alderoty "As expected, the SEC’s appeal brief is a rehash of already failed arguments –and likely to be abandoned by the next administration. We’ll respond formally in due time. For now, know this: the SEC’s lawsuit is just noise. A new era of pro-innovation regulation is coming, and Ripple is thriving." "As expected, the SEC’s appeal brief is a rehash of already failed arguments –and likely to be abandoned by the next administration. We’ll respond formally in due time. For now, know this: the SEC’s lawsuit is just noise. A new era of pro-innovation regulation is coming, and Ripple is thriving." This legal battle, ongoing since December 2020, remains one of the most closely followed developments in the crypto industry. XRP’s Technical and Sentiment Synergy Drives a Bullish Outlook Despite the SEC’s appeal, XRP's market performance has remained unshaken, exhibiting a strong bullish trend. As of now, XRP is priced at $3.2657, marking a 7-year high. Its 24-hour trading volume has surged to nearly $25 billion, with a total market capitalization of $187.485 billion, surpassing USDT and ranking third globally among cryptocurrencies. Technical analysis indicates that XRP has broken past key resistance levels, with bulls firmly in control. In a favorable macroeconomic environment, XRP is expected to challenge the $5 target in the near term. Global Search Trends and Whale Activity Boost XRP Confidence XRP's global search popularity has surpassed Bitcoin on Google, reflecting heightened market interest. This suggests investors may be shifting capital from Bitcoin to XRP, further fueling optimism. Data from analytics firm Santiment shows a continuous increase in whale interest in XRP. Since November 12, addresses holding 1 to 10 million XRP have added 1.4 billion tokens, worth over $3.8 billion. Even during price consolidations following early 2024 highs, whales maintained their accumulation behavior signaling that XRP's appeal to institutional and large-scale investors is steadily increasing. XRP's strong performance is not only attributed to positive legal developments but also its expanding ecosystem. The potential approval of an XRP spot ETF is a core driver of market optimism. According to a JPMorgan report, an approved ETF could attract $4 billion to $8 billion in net new assets. BYDFi Exchange: The Top Platform for XRP Investors As XRP continues its upward trajectory, BYDFi stands out as the preferred platform for investors, thanks to its cutting-edge technology and strong user foundation. Comprehensive Trading Options: BYDFi offers spot trading, perpetual contracts, and leveraged tokens, providing a flexible trading environment for users. Low Fees and Efficient Matching System: Investors highly praise BYDFi for its competitive fees and high-speed matching system. Trusted and Reliable: On social media and in professional communities, investors generally view BYDFi as a stable, secure, and efficient trading service, making it the ideal choice for XRP investment. Comprehensive Trading Options: BYDFi offers spot trading, perpetual contracts, and leveraged tokens, providing a flexible trading environment for users. Low Fees and Efficient Matching System: Investors highly praise BYDFi for its competitive fees and high-speed matching system. Trusted and Reliable: On social media and in professional communities, investors generally view BYDFi as a stable, secure, and efficient trading service, making it the ideal choice for XRP investment. Michael, Co-Founder of BYDFi, stated: "In the fast-evolving global crypto market, we remain committed to user-centric innovation. With low fees, high liquidity, innovative trading features, adherence to global compliance standards, and multi-layered security measures, BYDFi provides a world-class trading experience, helping users seize market opportunities.” "In the fast-evolving global crypto market, we remain committed to user-centric innovation. With low fees, high liquidity, innovative trading features, adherence to global compliance standards, and multi-layered security measures, BYDFi provides a world-class trading experience, helping users seize market opportunities.” Currently, BYDFi is offering a special welcome bonus of up to 8,100 USDT for new users . Visit the official BYDFi website or download the app for more details. 8,100 USDT for new users 8,100 USDT for new users BYDFi website BYDFi website download the app download the app About BYDFi Founded in 2020, BYDFi is ranked among Forbes’ top 10 global crypto exchanges and trusted by over 1,000,000 of users worldwide. The platform supports over 600 cryptocurrencies for spot trading and offers perpetual contracts with leverage ranging from 1x to 200x, meeting diverse user needs. Strategic partnerships with leading payment providers like Banxa, Transak, and Mercuryo simplify the crypto purchasing process, ensuring low-cost transactions. Website: https://www.bydfi.com Customer Support: CS@bydfi.com Business Inquiries: BD@bydfi.com Media Contact: media@bydfi.com Social Media: Twitter | LinkedIn | Facebook | Telegram | YouTube Website: https://www.bydfi.com https://www.bydfi.com https://www.bydfi.com Customer Support: CS@bydfi.com CS@bydfi.com CS@bydfi.com Business Inquiries: BD@bydfi.com BD@bydfi.com BD@bydfi.com Media Contact: media@bydfi.com media@bydfi.com media@bydfi.com Social Media: Twitter | LinkedIn | Facebook | Telegram | YouTube Twitter Twitter LinkedIn LinkedIn Facebook Facebook Telegram Telegram YouTube YouTube Contact Senior Marketing Director Chloe BYDFi Fintech LTD chloe@bydfi.com This story was distributed as a release by Chainwire under HackerNoon’s Business Blogging Program. Learn more about the program here This story was distributed as a release by Chainwire under HackerNoon’s Business Blogging Program. Learn more about the program here here here

XRP Gains Momentum Toward $5 Amid SEC Appeal Challenges, BYDFi Stays Investor Favorite

XRP získává dynamiku směrem k 5 USD uprostřed výzvy k odvolání SEC, BYDFi zůstává oblíbeným investorem

Το XRP κερδίζει ορμή προς τα 5 $ Εν μέσω προκλήσεων προσφυγής SEC, το BYDFi παραμένει το αγαπημένο των επενδυτών

XRP gana impulso hacia los 5 dólares en medio de impugnaciones de la SEC, BYDFi sigue siendo el favorito de los inversores

XRP jwenn momantòm nan direksyon pou $ 5 nan milye defi apèl SEC, BYDFi rete pi renmen envestisè yo.

XRPはSECの控訴問題で5ドルに向けて勢いを増す、BYDFiは投資家のお気に入りであり続ける

XRP ទទួលបានសន្ទុះឆ្ពោះទៅរក $5 ចំពេលមានបញ្ហាប្រឈម SEC Appeal, BYDFi នៅតែជាអ្នកវិនិយោគដែលចូលចិត្ត

XRP įgauna pagreitį link 5 USD dėl SEC apeliacinių iššūkių, BYDFi išlieka investuotojų mėgstamiausia

SEC apelācijas izaicinājumu laikā XRP iegūst impulsu virzībai uz USD 5, BYDFi joprojām ir investoru iecienītākais

XRP SEC अपील चुनौतीहरूको बीचमा $ 5 तिर गति प्राप्त गर्दछ, BYDFi लगानीकर्ताको मनपर्ने रहन्छ

XRP zyskuje na wartości w kierunku 5 USD pośród wyzwań związanych z apelacją SEC, BYDFi pozostaje ulubieńcem inwestorów

SEC අභියාචනා අභියෝග මධ්‍යයේ XRP $5 කරා වේගයක් ලබා ගනී, BYDFi ආයෝජකයාගේ ප්‍රියතමය ලෙස පවතී

SEC şikaýat kynçylyklarynyň arasynda XRP 5 $ -a ýetdi, BYDFi maýa goýujy halaýar

Donald Trump made a lot of promises to the Bitcoin community during his 2024 presidential campaign. We even saw him turn up at the Bitcoin Conference in Nashville to secure ever more votes but above all, funds for his campaign. Donald Trump has talked a lot and promised a lot. With his inauguration set for January 20, 2025, the time has come for Donald Trump to keep his promises. There have been doubts in recent times about Donald Trump's ability to keep his promises. In my opinion, we'll soon find out. Donald Trump has already paved the way by building a pro-Bitcoin administration. However, we'll have to see what Donald Trump can pass via Executive Orders and what he'll have to negotiate with the US Congress. Without taking into account these political balances, which will have a major role to play, I can already tell you the 3 major actions in favor of the Bitcoin revolution that Donald Trump must take immediately. Some dream that these strong acts will be announced on the first day of his second term, but I'll be more measured and talk about the first 100 days of his presidency. 1. Repeal SAB 121 So far, US banks are bearing the brunt of a rule issued by the SEC in March 2022, known as SAB 121, which requires them to consider Bitcoin and the cryptocurrencies they hold as liabilities on their balance sheets. This rule is seen by the entire industry as a brake on institutional adoption. Indeed, it increases capital requirements and deters many financial players from becoming more involved in the sector. This rule issued by the SEC should be added to the Biden administration's list of direct attacks on Bitcoin and cryptocurrency as part of what is commonly referred to as “Operation ChokePoint 2.0”. Donald Trump is eagerly awaited on the subject. By appointing a pro-Bitcoin administration, we can already be assured that Operation ChokePoint 2.0 will not be pursued. Donald Trump could issue an Executive Order on his first day in the White House to repeal SAB 121. This would be a good way of showing that he's going all out to keep his many pro-Bitcoin and pro-Crypto pledges made during his presidential campaign. 2. A Strategic Bitcoin Reserve for America Donald Trump promised during his campaign that sales of Bitcoin held by America would be halted during his presidency. This is a matter of urgency, as the Biden administration may make a point of selling more just before Donald Trump takes office. It may have begun in the last few days... Donald Trump could easily decide that all this Bitcoin should be kept by America. Where his job will be harder is in keeping his commitment to create a strategic Bitcoin reserve for America. Senator Cynthia Lummis has proposed the Bitcoin Act so that America can carry out an ambitious plan to purchase 1 million BTC in 4 years. Several questions arise: Can Donald Trump decide to have the U.S. Treasury hold this Bitcoin instead of the Fed?
Can Donald Trump pass an Executive Order validating the Bitcoin Act?
Will Donald Trump succeed in passing the Bitcoin Act if it has to go through the US Congress?
How will the massive purchase of Bitcoin be financed over the next 4 years? A lot of questions that we won't necessarily have answers to within 100 days of Donald Trump's inauguration. But it will be a topic that will excite the entire industry for sure. Cynthia Lummis proposes that America sell some of its (alleged) gold reserves to buy this Bitcoin. Michael J. Saylor proposes that America print U.S. dollars out of thin air to buy at least 25% of the Bitcoin supply in circulation to take control. No wonder many consider Michael J. Saylor a complete betrayal of the spirit of the Bitcoin revolution. Donald Trump will also have to be wary of such a strategy, which could start a Bretton Woods III, from which America would not be sure to emerge as advantaged as it is in the current monetary and financial system. 3. Making Bitcoin Transactions Tax-Free There is an urgent need to change the rules governing the taxation of Bitcoin. Donald Trump himself said during his campaign that it wasn't possible to make everyday purchases in Bitcoin if it resulted in a tax event every time. To facilitate the development of Bitcoin as an everyday MoE, it is necessary to change the regulations. Michael J. Saylor repeats that Bitcoin as a MoE is a distraction, but he's wrong. It's essential for the long-term success of the Bitcoin revolution! The question here is how this more compatible regulation would translate into the development of Bitcoin as an everyday MoE. Donald Trump could decide to make all transactions under $1,000 tax-free, for example. This amount could be lowered or increased, of course - this is an example. Donald Trump could decide that all Bitcoin held for more than a year is exempt from taxation because it's no longer speculation, but a long-term investment. Some countries already apply such a regulatory framework. There is a great deal to be done in this area, and we must hope that Donald Trump will keep his promises in this regard, or risk disappointing the Bitcoin community. The moment of truth is fast approaching! Donald Trump made a lot of promises to the Bitcoin community during his 2024 presidential campaign . We even saw him turn up at the Bitcoin Conference in Nashville to secure ever more votes but above all, funds for his campaign. Donald Trump has talked a lot and promised a lot. With his inauguration set for January 20, 2025, the time has come for Donald Trump to keep his promises. Donald Trump made a lot of promises to the Bitcoin community during his 2024 presidential campaign Donald Trump made a lot of promises to the Bitcoin community during his 2024 presidential campaign There have been doubts in recent times about Donald Trump's ability to keep his promises . In my opinion, we'll soon find out. Donald Trump has already paved the way by building a pro-Bitcoin administration. However, we'll have to see what Donald Trump can pass via Executive Orders and what he'll have to negotiate with the US Congress. There have been doubts in recent times about Donald Trump's ability to keep his promises There have been doubts in recent times about Donald Trump's ability to keep his promises Without taking into account these political balances, which will have a major role to play, I can already tell you the 3 major actions in favor of the Bitcoin revolution that Donald Trump must take immediately. Some dream that these strong acts will be announced on the first day of his second term, but I'll be more measured and talk about the first 100 days of his presidency. 1. Repeal SAB 121 So far, US banks are bearing the brunt of a rule issued by the SEC in March 2022, known as SAB 121, which requires them to consider Bitcoin and the cryptocurrencies they hold as liabilities on their balance sheets. This rule is seen by the entire industry as a brake on institutional adoption. Indeed, it increases capital requirements and deters many financial players from becoming more involved in the sector. This rule issued by the SEC should be added to the Biden administration's list of direct attacks on Bitcoin and cryptocurrency as part of what is commonly referred to as “Operation ChokePoint 2.0”. Donald Trump is eagerly awaited on the subject. By appointing a pro-Bitcoin administration, we can already be assured that Operation ChokePoint 2.0 will not be pursued. Donald Trump could issue an Executive Order on his first day in the White House to repeal SAB 121. This would be a good way of showing that he's going all out to keep his many pro-Bitcoin and pro-Crypto pledges made during his presidential campaign. 2. A Strategic Bitcoin Reserve for America Donald Trump promised during his campaign that sales of Bitcoin held by America would be halted during his presidency. This is a matter of urgency, as the Biden administration may make a point of selling more just before Donald Trump takes office. It may have begun in the last few days... Donald Trump could easily decide that all this Bitcoin should be kept by America. Where his job will be harder is in keeping his commitment to create a strategic Bitcoin reserve for America. Senator Cynthia Lummis has proposed the Bitcoin Act so that America can carry out an ambitious plan to purchase 1 million BTC in 4 years. Senator Cynthia Lummis has proposed the Bitcoin Act Senator Cynthia Lummis has proposed the Bitcoin Act Several questions arise: Can Donald Trump decide to have the U.S. Treasury hold this Bitcoin instead of the Fed? Can Donald Trump pass an Executive Order validating the Bitcoin Act? Will Donald Trump succeed in passing the Bitcoin Act if it has to go through the US Congress? How will the massive purchase of Bitcoin be financed over the next 4 years? Can Donald Trump decide to have the U.S. Treasury hold this Bitcoin instead of the Fed? Can Donald Trump pass an Executive Order validating the Bitcoin Act? Will Donald Trump succeed in passing the Bitcoin Act if it has to go through the US Congress? How will the massive purchase of Bitcoin be financed over the next 4 years? A lot of questions that we won't necessarily have answers to within 100 days of Donald Trump's inauguration. But it will be a topic that will excite the entire industry for sure. Cynthia Lummis proposes that America sell some of its (alleged) gold reserves to buy this Bitcoin. Michael J. Saylor proposes that America print U.S. dollars out of thin air to buy at least 25% of the Bitcoin supply in circulation to take control . No wonder many consider Michael J. Saylor a complete betrayal of the spirit of the Bitcoin revolution. Michael J. Saylor proposes that America print U.S. dollars out of thin air to buy at least 25% of the Bitcoin supply in circulation to take control Michael J. Saylor proposes that America print U.S. dollars out of thin air to buy at least 25% of the Bitcoin supply in circulation to take control Donald Trump will also have to be wary of such a strategy, which could start a Bretton Woods III , from which America would not be sure to emerge as advantaged as it is in the current monetary and financial system. Donald Trump will also have to be wary of such a strategy, which could start a Bretton Woods III Donald Trump will also have to be wary of such a strategy, which could start a Bretton Woods III 3. Making Bitcoin Transactions Tax-Free There is an urgent need to change the rules governing the taxation of Bitcoin. Donald Trump himself said during his campaign that it wasn't possible to make everyday purchases in Bitcoin if it resulted in a tax event every time. To facilitate the development of Bitcoin as an everyday MoE, it is necessary to change the regulations. Michael J. Saylor repeats that Bitcoin as a MoE is a distraction, but he's wrong. It's essential for the long-term success of the Bitcoin revolution! The question here is how this more compatible regulation would translate into the development of Bitcoin as an everyday MoE. Donald Trump could decide to make all transactions under $1,000 tax-free, for example. This amount could be lowered or increased, of course - this is an example. Donald Trump could decide that all Bitcoin held for more than a year is exempt from taxation because it's no longer speculation, but a long-term investment. Some countries already apply such a regulatory framework. There is a great deal to be done in this area, and we must hope that Donald Trump will keep his promises in this regard, or risk disappointing the Bitcoin community. The moment of truth is fast approaching!

The 3 Major Actions in Favor of the Bitcoin Revolution That Donald Trump Must Take Immediately

The TechBeat: Mailbird Expands to Mac: Manage All Your Inboxes and Favorite Apps in One Place (12/23/2024)

Mailbird, the email client trusted by millions of Windows users worldwide, is now available for Mac. After years of user anticipation, Mailbird’s Mac app brings the same clutter-free simplicity and clean design language to Apple fans. “The launching of Mailbird for Mac marks a truly significant point in our company vision,” said Alexis Dollé, Head of Growth at Mailbird. “Although we originally designed Mailbird for Windows, we always envisioned presenting our customers with a cross-platform app so they can enjoy a unified email experience no matter where they are. Mailbird for Mac is the first step towards achieving that goal.” Focusing on customers’ needs is nothing new to Mailbird. With user-favorite features—unified inbox, email tracking, third-party app integrations, advanced search capabilities, folders, and email signatures—Mailbird for Mac possesses the same design and useability that makes the Windows version so popular. “We listen closely to our customers, and the launch of Mailbird for Mac is a direct response to the demand from our Apple community,” said Michael Olsen, co-founder, CEO, and CTO of Mailbird. “Our goal has always been to simplify email management and make our customers’ lives easier. Now, Mac users can experience the productivity boost our Windows users have come to love. Our team is elated about this step forward and bringing even more value to our growing community.” In addition to inbox management, Mailbird allows users to create their own productivity workspace within the app by connecting their favorite tools. From Facebook, X, and LinkedIn to Dropbox, Trello, and ChatGPT—Mailbird’s integrations empower people with the flexibility to turn their inbox into an efficiency hub. To learn more about Mailbird, its pricing, and its current promotions, visit Mailbird and try the app. About Mailbird Mailbird is one of the most popular email clients worldwide, with more than four million downloads to date and 25+ million emails processed monthly. It lets users manage their business and personal emails in one place, offering customizable themes and features like email signatures, tracking, and folders. Mailbird also integrates with social media, task management, and collaboration platforms such as Asana, Slack, ChatGPT, and Google Workspace to help reduce app overload and boost efficiency. Founded in Bali 12 years ago by a fully remote team, Mailbird embraced a global team culture long before it became mainstream. These efforts earned the company multiple Stevie Awards, and its software was named “the best email client for Windows” by PCWorld. Mailbird’s core mission is to create a frustration-free email experience, simplify digital communication, and enhance people’s productivity. Mailbird, the email client trusted by millions of Windows users worldwide, is now available for Mac. After years of user anticipation, Mailbird’s Mac app brings the same clutter-free simplicity and clean design language to Apple fans. Mailbird, the email client trusted by millions of Windows users worldwide, is now available for Mac. After years of user anticipation, Mailbird’s Mac app brings the same clutter-free simplicity and clean design language to Apple fans. “The launching of Mailbird for Mac marks a truly significant point in our company vision,” said Alexis Dollé, Head of Growth at Mailbird. “Although we originally designed Mailbird for Windows, we always envisioned presenting our customers with a cross-platform app so they can enjoy a unified email experience no matter where they are. Mailbird for Mac is the first step towards achieving that goal.” “The launching of Mailbird for Mac marks a truly significant point in our company vision,” said Alexis Dollé, Head of Growth at Mailbird. “Although we originally designed Mailbird for Windows, we always envisioned presenting our customers with a cross-platform app so they can enjoy a unified email experience no matter where they are. Mailbird for Mac is the first step towards achieving that goal.” Mailbird Mailbird Focusing on customers’ needs is nothing new to Mailbird. With user-favorite features—unified inbox, email tracking, third-party app integrations, advanced search capabilities, folders, and email signatures—Mailbird for Mac possesses the same design and useability that makes the Windows version so popular. “We listen closely to our customers, and the launch of Mailbird for Mac is a direct response to the demand from our Apple community,” said Michael Olsen, co-founder, CEO, and CTO of Mailbird. “Our goal has always been to simplify email management and make our customers’ lives easier. Now, Mac users can experience the productivity boost our Windows users have come to love. Our team is elated about this step forward and bringing even more value to our growing community.” “We listen closely to our customers, and the launch of Mailbird for Mac is a direct response to the demand from our Apple community,” said Michael Olsen, co-founder, CEO, and CTO of Mailbird. “Our goal has always been to simplify email management and make our customers’ lives easier. Now, Mac users can experience the productivity boost our Windows users have come to love. Our team is elated about this step forward and bringing even more value to our growing community.” In addition to inbox management, Mailbird allows users to create their own productivity workspace within the app by connecting their favorite tools. From Facebook, X, and LinkedIn to Dropbox, Trello, and ChatGPT—Mailbird’s integrations empower people with the flexibility to turn their inbox into an efficiency hub. To learn more about Mailbird, its pricing, and its current promotions, visit Mailbird and try the app. To learn more about Mailbird, its pricing, and its current promotions, visit Mailbird and try the app . try the app try the app About Mailbird Mailbird is one of the most popular email clients worldwide, with more than four million downloads to date and 25+ million emails processed monthly. It lets users manage their business and personal emails in one place, offering customizable themes and features like email signatures, tracking, and folders. Mailbird also integrates with social media, task management, and collaboration platforms such as Asana, Slack, ChatGPT, and Google Workspace to help reduce app overload and boost efficiency. Founded in Bali 12 years ago by a fully remote team, Mailbird embraced a global team culture long before it became mainstream. These efforts earned the company multiple Stevie Awards , and its software was named “ the best email client for Windows ” by PCWorld. Stevie Awards the best email client for Windows the best email client for Windows Mailbird’s core mission is to create a frustration-free email experience, simplify digital communication, and enhance people’s productivity.

Mailbird Expands to Mac: Manage All Your Inboxes and Favorite Apps in One Place

Mailbird ወደ ማክ ይዘልቃል፡ ሁሉንም የገቢ መልእክት ሳጥንህን እና ተወዳጅ መተግበሪያዎችህን በአንድ ቦታ አስተዳድር

মেইলবার্ড ম্যাকে প্রসারিত হয়: আপনার সমস্ত ইনবক্স এবং প্রিয় অ্যাপগুলিকে এক জায়গায় পরিচালনা করুন৷

Mailbird se expande a Mac: administre todas sus bandejas de entrada y aplicaciones favoritas en un solo lugar

Mailbird به Mac گسترش می یابد: همه صندوق های ورودی و برنامه های مورد علاقه خود را در یک مکان مدیریت کنید

Mailbird laajenee Maciin: Hallitse kaikkia postilaatikoitasi ja suosikkisovelluksiasi yhdessä paikassa

Mailbird se expande a Mac: xestiona todas as túas caixas de entrada e aplicacións favoritas nun só lugar

Mailbird が Mac に進出: すべての受信トレイとお気に入りのアプリを 1 か所で管理

Mailbird აფართოებს Mac-ს: მართეთ ყველა თქვენი შემოსულები და საყვარელი აპლიკაციები ერთ ადგილას

Mailbird ពង្រីកទៅ Mac៖ គ្រប់គ្រងប្រអប់ទទួល និងកម្មវិធីដែលអ្នកចូលចិត្តទាំងអស់នៅកន្លែងតែមួយ

Mailbird tiek paplašināts arī uz Mac: pārvaldiet visas savas iesūtnes un iecienītākās lietotnes vienuviet

Mailbird Inowedzera kuMac: Tonga Ako Ese Mabhokisi EInbox uye Anofarira Maapplication munzvimbo Imwe

Mailbird 扩展到 Mac：在一个地方管理所有收件箱和喜爱的应用程序

“Instead of economy being embedded in social relations, social relations are embedded in the economic system.”-Karl Polanyi Many aspects of society are already, in a sense, gamified. The richest billionaires are ranked by Forbes, Warren Buffett has compared the stock market to a sort of game, people compare their vanity metrics on social media, and many apps use game-like incentives to keep users coming back. Without going too deep into the matrix, gamification also influences politics, romance, social life, and communication. Ludwig Wittgenstein’s theory of language posits that words and sentences derive their meaning from their use within specific contexts or “games.” Over the years, many intellectuals have described aspects of modern human life in relation to games. Is life just one big game? Whether you say yes or no to that question isn’t really the point. Gaming began as simple shoulder-to-shoulder, head-to-head competitions like Pong, where players tried to gain the upper hand. Now, it’s evolving into an interactive ecosystem of digital value and wealth creation against a material world facilitated by fiat currency. For instance, the NES sold about 34 million units worldwide in 1988. Fast forward to today, and there are an estimated 3.24 billion gamers worldwide, thanks to the growing industry. People play on PlayStations, PCs, and now even mobile phones, allowing more people than ever the opportunity to engage with video games. Gaming today is more of a social activity than anything. Some people don’t care about winning or competing; they simply want to go online, explore interactive worlds, and build a second life. Socially interactive game worlds like Second Life allow players to explore virtual environments, socialize, and even sell digital assets for Linden Dollars, which can be exchanged for real currency. That’s just one example of a social game, but there are many others where the goal isn’t to win. Instead, the focus is on exploration, collection, and simply experiencing the game. Open virtual gaming worlds aren’t new, but I believe these digital landscapes, combined with technologies like blockchain (which facilitates the buying and selling of cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin), virtual reality, augmented reality, and artificial intelligence, will merge and become even more widespread. The basis for this convergence is already happening. Platforms like Decentraland, a decentralized gaming platform, allow users to join a virtual world, use virtual reality, and engage with real people in its own metaverse. It also enables users to buy and sell NFTs and even purchase and rent land using $MANA, the platform’s cryptocurrency. I believe this is the future of gaming: countless tokens across platforms that can be exchanged with one another, especially in games whose developers share compatible principles and interests. Just like in the film Ready Player One, players will be able to earn and use virtual reality, interact with other players, communicate with agents pretending to be human, and even encounter agents interacting on behalf of human players who are AFK (away from keyboard). This ecosystem of endless activity and transactions will attract big “whales” and investors, who will inject money into the digital ecosystem for reasons they deem suitable. As it stands, most popular games do not utilize cryptocurrency or blockchain technology. Instead, they implement their own in-game currencies, which can only be purchased using real currency. In this system, government-backed fiat currency — which has more operability and utility in the real world, such as buying food, shelter, entertainment, or paying staff — is dominant because it is widely accepted in the status quo. Currently, cryptocurrency isn’t accepted for everyday purchases, but the new presidential administration is said to be advocating for wider adoption of Bitcoin. Even so, in the current system, developers create digital assets within games and lock them behind paywalls. These assets can only be unlocked via the purchase of in-game tokens, which have no utility outside the game. This mirrors the trading of international fiat currencies, where one currency often has more utility than the other. In gaming, fiat currency with wider utility is used to purchase tokens with lesser utility, which means the player exchanging fiat for tokens loses optionality in the process. They only receive the digital asset, which often has no value outside the game. Moreover, in-game tokens cannot be refunded. This imbalance of value exchange seems implied when buying digital goods that aren’t “real,” but it doesn’t necessarily have to be that way — this is why cryptocurrency and blockchain technology are so appealing. What if, in the near future, the tokens purchased in-game had exchange value? What if they could be traded for other tokens or currencies? And, because they would have value against other cryptocurrencies, they would also have value against fiat currencies. This would imply a wider network of activity across various platforms. Where there is money to be made, there is activity; where there is activity, there is energy being produced and consumed, and money being exchanged. We live in a world where there is more and more information, and less and less meaning.
-Jean Baudrillard “Instead of economy being embedded in social relations, social relations are embedded in the economic system.” -Karl Polanyi “Instead of economy being embedded in social relations, social relations are embedded in the economic system.” -Karl Polanyi Many aspects of society are already, in a sense, gamified. The richest billionaires are ranked by Forbes , Warren Buffett has compared the stock market to a sort of game, people compare their vanity metrics on social media, and many apps use game-like incentives to keep users coming back. Without going too deep into the matrix, gamification also influences politics, romance, social life, and communication. Ludwig Wittgenstein’s theory of language posits that words and sentences derive their meaning from their use within specific contexts or “games.” Over the years, many intellectuals have described aspects of modern human life in relation to games. Forbes Is life just one big game? Whether you say yes or no to that question isn’t really the point. Gaming began as simple shoulder-to-shoulder, head-to-head competitions like Pong , where players tried to gain the upper hand. Now, it’s evolving into an interactive ecosystem of digital value and wealth creation against a material world facilitated by fiat currency. For instance, the NES sold about 34 million units worldwide in 1988. Fast forward to today, and there are an estimated 3.24 billion gamers worldwide, thanks to the growing industry. People play on PlayStations, PCs, and now even mobile phones, allowing more people than ever the opportunity to engage with video games. Pong Gaming today is more of a social activity than anything. Some people don’t care about winning or competing; they simply want to go online, explore interactive worlds, and build a second life. Socially interactive game worlds like Second Life allow players to explore virtual environments, socialize, and even sell digital assets for Linden Dollars, which can be exchanged for real currency. That’s just one example of a social game, but there are many others where the goal isn’t to win. Instead, the focus is on exploration, collection, and simply experiencing the game. Second Life Open virtual gaming worlds aren’t new, but I believe these digital landscapes, combined with technologies like blockchain (which facilitates the buying and selling of cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin), virtual reality, augmented reality, and artificial intelligence, will merge and become even more widespread. The basis for this convergence is already happening. Platforms like Decentraland, a decentralized gaming platform, allow users to join a virtual world, use virtual reality, and engage with real people in its own metaverse. It also enables users to buy and sell NFTs and even purchase and rent land using $MANA, the platform’s cryptocurrency. I believe this is the future of gaming: countless tokens across platforms that can be exchanged with one another, especially in games whose developers share compatible principles and interests. Just like in the film Ready Player One , players will be able to earn and use virtual reality, interact with other players, communicate with agents pretending to be human, and even encounter agents interacting on behalf of human players who are AFK (away from keyboard). This ecosystem of endless activity and transactions will attract big “whales” and investors, who will inject money into the digital ecosystem for reasons they deem suitable. Ready Player One As it stands, most popular games do not utilize cryptocurrency or blockchain technology. Instead, they implement their own in-game currencies, which can only be purchased using real currency. In this system, government-backed fiat currency — which has more operability and utility in the real world, such as buying food, shelter, entertainment, or paying staff — is dominant because it is widely accepted in the status quo. Currently, cryptocurrency isn’t accepted for everyday purchases, but the new presidential administration is said to be advocating for wider adoption of Bitcoin. Even so, in the current system, developers create digital assets within games and lock them behind paywalls. These assets can only be unlocked via the purchase of in-game tokens, which have no utility outside the game. This mirrors the trading of international fiat currencies, where one currency often has more utility than the other. In gaming, fiat currency with wider utility is used to purchase tokens with lesser utility, which means the player exchanging fiat for tokens loses optionality in the process. They only receive the digital asset, which often has no value outside the game. Moreover, in-game tokens cannot be refunded. This imbalance of value exchange seems implied when buying digital goods that aren’t “real,” but it doesn’t necessarily have to be that way — this is why cryptocurrency and blockchain technology are so appealing. What if, in the near future, the tokens purchased in-game had exchange value? What if they could be traded for other tokens or currencies? And, because they would have value against other cryptocurrencies, they would also have value against fiat currencies. This would imply a wider network of activity across various platforms. Where there is money to be made, there is activity; where there is activity, there is energy being produced and consumed, and money being exchanged. We live in a world where there is more and more information, and less and less meaning. -Jean Baudrillard We live in a world where there is more and more information, and less and less meaning. -Jean Baudrillard

Why Your Favorite Game’s In-Game Currency Could Be Worth More Than a Dollar

Our Favorite Word Is the One That Makes Us The Dumbest

A Brief History of Money: From the Economy of Favors to Bitcoin

It’s no secret that it’s the golden age of AI. Whether for business or personal use, everyone is on it. According to a recent McKinsey survey, 65% of organizations are regularly using generative AI in their businesses. And businesses are placing a lot of faith in AI: Forbes Advisor research shows that a staggering 97% of leaders believe ChatGPT will benefit their business. Yet, organizations should move carefully when using these solutions. A recent experiment we conducted at Gramener found that even AI is not immune to bias. People are biased, so randomness is somewhat of a challenge for us. That’s why we may turn to tools such as AI to do that. However, our study’s results revealed that we can’t use AI to escape bias. Let’s dive into the unexpected study results and briefly explain why this was the case. The Biggest AI Chatbots Aren’t Objective In the study, Gramener’s engineers asked three popular large language models (LLMs)—Open AI’s GPT-3.5 Turbo, Anthropic’s Claude 3 Haiku, and Google’s Gemini 1.0 Pro—to pick a random number between zero and 100. According to the experiment, a good random number generator would pick all numbers with equal probability. Specifically, there’s a 1% chance of picking any number. However, the results reveal a clear bias across all three LLMs. Each model had a preferred number, with those ending in 7 particularly popular. According to the experiment, Open AI’s GPT-3.5 loves 47, although 42 was its previous favorite according to a study from last year. Claude 3 Haiku’s go-to is 42, and what’s worth noting is that GPT 3.5 was used to train Haiku. Is it possible that the bias is ‘hereditary’? Finally, Google Gemini 1.0 Pro really likes 72, but 42 was its second most popular number. You don’t need to have a degree in advanced mathematics to see a pattern here. And with all three models rejecting repeated digits (11, 33, 44, etc.) and loving 42 (shout out to Douglas Adams’ The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy), it’s hard not to spot a bias. LLMs Are Created In Our Image You could say that this bias was eerily human-like. Each LLM echoed a human approach to selecting a number. Particularly, those picky traits, like avoiding double digits, highlight that ultimate bias. The fact is that AI models simply don’t understand what ‘random’ as a concept is. It boils down to how they were originally trained and what data was used for them to respond to prompts such as ‘pick a random number.’ While there were some open-ended questions from the study, it’s worth remembering that LLMs are as smart—and as biased—as the humans who originally trained them. Although AI can’t ‘think’ for itself, we’re only hitting the tip of the iceberg when it comes to LLM psychology. It’s no secret that it’s the golden age of AI. Whether for business or personal use, everyone is on it. According to a recent McKinsey survey, 65% of organizations are regularly using generative AI in their businesses. And businesses are placing a lot of faith in AI: Forbes Advisor research shows that a staggering 97% of leaders believe ChatGPT will benefit their business. 65% of organizations 65% of organizations 97% of leaders 97% of leaders Yet, organizations should move carefully when using these solutions. A recent experiment we conducted at Gramener found that even AI is not immune to bias. People are biased, so randomness is somewhat of a challenge for us. That’s why we may turn to tools such as AI to do that. recent experiment we conducted at Gramener recent experiment we conducted at Gramener However, our study’s results revealed that we can’t use AI to escape bias. Let’s dive into the unexpected study results and briefly explain why this was the case. The Biggest AI Chatbots Aren’t Objective In the study, Gramener’s engineers asked three popular large language models (LLMs)—Open AI’s GPT-3.5 Turbo, Anthropic’s Claude 3 Haiku, and Google’s Gemini 1.0 Pro—to pick a random number between zero and 100. According to the experiment, a good random number generator would pick all numbers with equal probability. Specifically, there’s a 1% chance of picking any number. However, the results reveal a clear bias across all three LLMs. Each model had a preferred number, with those ending in 7 particularly popular. According to the experiment, Open AI’s GPT-3.5 loves 47, although 42 was its previous favorite according to a study from last year . Claude 3 Haiku’s go-to is 42, and what’s worth noting is that GPT 3.5 was used to train Haiku. Is it possible that the bias is ‘hereditary’? Finally, Google Gemini 1.0 Pro really likes 72, but 42 was its second most popular number. a study from last year a study from last year You don’t need to have a degree in advanced mathematics to see a pattern here. And with all three models rejecting repeated digits (11, 33, 44, etc.) and loving 42 (shout out to Douglas Adams’ The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy ), it’s hard not to spot a bias. The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy LLMs Are Created In Our Image You could say that this bias was eerily human-like. Each LLM echoed a human approach to selecting a number. Particularly, those picky traits, like avoiding double digits, highlight that ultimate bias. The fact is that AI models simply don’t understand what ‘random’ as a concept is. It boils down to how they were originally trained and what data was used for them to respond to prompts such as ‘pick a random number.’ While there were some open-ended questions from the study, it’s worth remembering that LLMs are as smart—and as biased—as the humans who originally trained them. Although AI can’t ‘think’ for itself, we’re only hitting the tip of the iceberg when it comes to LLM psychology.

AI Is Playing Favorite With Numbers

Are You Hungry, Bro? Let’s Hack Your Favorite Food Delivery App

هل أنت جائع يا أخي؟ دعنا نجرب تطبيق توصيل الطعام المفضل لديك

¿Tienes hambre, hermano? Vamos a hackear tu aplicación de entrega de comida favorita

Tu as faim, mon pote ? Hackons votre application de livraison de repas préférée

Ou grangou bro? Ann Hack App Livrezon Manje Pi renmen ou a

Éhes vagy, tesó? Hackeljük meg kedvenc ételkiadó alkalmazását

Lapar, Bro? Yuk Retas Aplikasi Pengiriman Makanan Favoritmu

Hai fame, fratello? Facciamo un hack della tua app di consegna di cibo preferita

お腹が空いていますか？お気に入りのフードデリバリーアプリをハックしてみましょう

Vai tu esi izsalcis, brāli? Uzlauzsim jūsu iecienītāko ēdienu piegādes lietotni

Adakah Anda Lapar, Bro? Mari Menggodam Apl Penghantaran Makanan Kegemaran Anda

A je i uritur, vëlla? Le të hakojmë aplikacionin tuaj të shpërndarjes së ushqimit të preferuar

Ulambile, Bro? Masisebenzise uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza oluthandayo lokulethwa kokudla

17 Open Source Tools That Could Replace Your Favorite Software

ISTJ is one of the 16 personality types according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. It’s one of the most common personality types, comprising 11 to 14% of the world’s population, and is about 1.5 to 2 times more prevalent in men than women. Myers-Briggs framework distinguishes personality traits based on how a person perceives the world, performs in certain activities, and manages their life decisions. Four aspects that are taken into account: attention focus: extravert (E) / introvert (I);
information intake: senses (S) / intuition (N);
decision-making: thoughts (T) / feelings (F);
world approaching: judgment (J) / perceptiveness (P). ISTJ is the abbreviation for Introverted, Sensing, Thinking, and Judging, with the dominant function for Sensing. Generally, these people have a rational outlook, are practical, organized, and methodically purposeful in all life spheres, and lean toward reservation, quietness, and mindfulness. Characteristics of an ISTJ Personality Type Focused on the present moment and grounded, noticing and collecting information on what’s happening around them. Well-organized, value order and structure, and prefer to plan everything in advance and with great attention to detail. Operate with matter-of-fact and practical information and make reasonable decisions based on objective data. Have a logical approach and seek rational explanations for all the events in their lives. Enjoy clear guidelines rather than abstract scenarios and work steadily and efficiently to accomplish concrete tasks at hand. Loyal to themselves, respectful to others, and emphasizing traditions, laws, rules, and established procedures. Hardworking, responsible, and trustworthy and tending to keep their promises. Have internal values and are fair and honest to themselves and others. Direct and straightforward in verbal communication around rational questions while experiencing difficulties expressing their emotions. Independent and preferring to be on their own, but reliable and committed friends and partners when they have met the right people. Can be stubborn, find it hard to adjust to new circumstances, and can be too harsh on themselves when something goes wrong. Careers for ISTJ Personality Types People with an ISTJ personality type strongly focus on tasks, have developed analytical skills, delve into the smallest details, are responsible and materialistic, all about the practical value of information and its accurate application, and prefer working independently. Generally, the best fit for ISTJs is careers aligned with a logical approach and connected to facts and figures, extensive data analysis, planning, and reporting. It makes the IT sector a favorable sphere for their successful professional application. The roles can vary from data and information security analysis and computer network administration to engineering and software and web development. They also feel comfortable and confident in the fields that operate strictly by facts, rules, and norms and require a high level of responsibility, such as banking and accountancy, law, and medicine. Professionals in these domains are expected to be able to navigate through large volumes of data and interpret information accurately and reasonably. As for work environments, ISTJ personalities feel more comfortable in quiet and stable places with defined schedules and deadlines, clear assignments, well-regulated and performance-driven protocols, and a concrete set of duties and distinct areas of responsibility. ISTJs are likely to fail in professions that require creativity, active communication with people, or have a degree of uncertainty, spontaneousness, and the necessity of dynamic adjustments. These are creativity-related professions like design, art, or copywriting. Since ISTJs prefer to rely on the rational part of their brain rather than their imagination and emotions, these occupations will be naturally uncomfortable for them. Entrepreneurship is another unlikely match associated with high risk and uncertainty levels. It requires the readiness to accept challenges, instantly react to changes, and seek brand-new solutions, contrary to the ISTJ type. Introverted individuals will also feel stressed in sales and services as these professions involve active and constant communication with other people. How to Best Interact With ISTJ Colleagues Understanding and engaging with ISTJ individuals based on their four core personality traits is essential for effectively communicating with them. Introverted: Be respectful of their personal space. Introverts need time to feel comfortable around you and open up to you. Sooner of all, you won’t become close immediately. You should respect their wish for privacy and be as correct as possible, not overloading them with questions. Sensing: Try to express your thoughts accurately and factually, with no lyrics or excess emotions. Give preference to verbs and nouns and use adjectives to a lesser extent. And be prepared for multiple follow-up questions, as they will try to get as many details as possible. Thinking: Be direct and structured with your statements and messages. Try to explain thoughts logically and gradually. Judging: Be patient. This personality type is reliable and fair, but needs time to make a decision and won’t rush into it. They would rather follow the rule of measuring twice and cutting once. ISTJ personalities are fans of independent work tasks, and usually, they do not seek close communication with their co-workers. They can seem cold and closed because they are trying to protect their personal space. Ultimately, successful relationships in the workplace are based on shared interests or beliefs. ISTJs require a particular effort from your side to convince them of the worthiness of allocating their work time to external communication. ISTJ is one of the 16 personality types according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator . It’s one of the most common personality types, comprising 11 to 14% of the world’s population, and is about 1.5 to 2 times more prevalent in men than women. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Myers-Briggs framework distinguishes personality traits based on how a person perceives the world, performs in certain activities, and manages their life decisions. Four aspects that are taken into account: attention focus: extravert (E) / introvert (I); information intake: senses (S) / intuition (N); decision-making: thoughts (T) / feelings (F); world approaching: judgment (J) / perceptiveness (P). attention focus: extravert (E) / introvert (I); information intake: senses (S) / intuition (N); decision-making: thoughts (T) / feelings (F); world approaching: judgment (J) / perceptiveness (P). ISTJ is the abbreviation for I ntroverted, S ensing, T hinking, and J udging, with the dominant function for Sensing. Generally, these people have a rational outlook, are practical, organized, and methodically purposeful in all life spheres, and lean toward reservation, quietness, and mindfulness. I S T J Characteristics of an ISTJ Personality Type Focused on the present moment and grounded, noticing and collecting information on what’s happening around them. Well-organized, value order and structure, and prefer to plan everything in advance and with great attention to detail. Operate with matter-of-fact and practical information and make reasonable decisions based on objective data. Have a logical approach and seek rational explanations for all the events in their lives. Enjoy clear guidelines rather than abstract scenarios and work steadily and efficiently to accomplish concrete tasks at hand. Loyal to themselves, respectful to others, and emphasizing traditions, laws, rules, and established procedures. Hardworking, responsible, and trustworthy and tending to keep their promises. Have internal values and are fair and honest to themselves and others. Direct and straightforward in verbal communication around rational questions while experiencing difficulties expressing their emotions. Independent and preferring to be on their own, but reliable and committed friends and partners when they have met the right people. Can be stubborn, find it hard to adjust to new circumstances, and can be too harsh on themselves when something goes wrong. Careers for ISTJ Personality Types People with an ISTJ personality type strongly focus on tasks, have developed analytical skills, delve into the smallest details, are responsible and materialistic, all about the practical value of information and its accurate application, and prefer working independently. Generally, the best fit for ISTJs is careers aligned with a logical approach and connected to facts and figures, extensive data analysis, planning, and reporting. It makes the IT sector a favorable sphere for their successful professional application. The roles can vary from data and information security analysis and computer network administration to engineering and software and web development. They also feel comfortable and confident in the fields that operate strictly by facts, rules, and norms and require a high level of responsibility, such as banking and accountancy, law, and medicine. Professionals in these domains are expected to be able to navigate through large volumes of data and interpret information accurately and reasonably. As for work environments, ISTJ personalities feel more comfortable in quiet and stable places with defined schedules and deadlines, clear assignments, well-regulated and performance-driven protocols, and a concrete set of duties and distinct areas of responsibility. ISTJs are likely to fail in professions that require creativity, active communication with people, or have a degree of uncertainty, spontaneousness, and the necessity of dynamic adjustments. These are creativity-related professions like design, art, or copywriting. Since ISTJs prefer to rely on the rational part of their brain rather than their imagination and emotions, these occupations will be naturally uncomfortable for them. Entrepreneurship is another unlikely match associated with high risk and uncertainty levels. It requires the readiness to accept challenges, instantly react to changes, and seek brand-new solutions, contrary to the ISTJ type. Introverted individuals will also feel stressed in sales and services as these professions involve active and constant communication with other people. How to Best Interact With ISTJ Colleagues Understanding and engaging with ISTJ individuals based on their four core personality traits is essential for effectively communicating with them. Introverted: Be respectful of their personal space. Introverts need time to feel comfortable around you and open up to you. Sooner of all, you won’t become close immediately. You should respect their wish for privacy and be as correct as possible, not overloading them with questions. Introverted: Sensing: Try to express your thoughts accurately and factually, with no lyrics or excess emotions. Give preference to verbs and nouns and use adjectives to a lesser extent. And be prepared for multiple follow-up questions, as they will try to get as many details as possible. Sensing: Thinking: Be direct and structured with your statements and messages. Try to explain thoughts logically and gradually. Thinking: Judging: Be patient. This personality type is reliable and fair, but needs time to make a decision and won’t rush into it. They would rather follow the rule of measuring twice and cutting once. Judging: ISTJ personalities are fans of independent work tasks, and usually, they do not seek close communication with their co-workers. They can seem cold and closed because they are trying to protect their personal space. Ultimately, successful relationships in the workplace are based on shared interests or beliefs. ISTJs require a particular effort from your side to convince them of the worthiness of allocating their work time to external communication.

What Is the ISTJ Personality Type, and Why Do They Favor IT Careers?

Hey everyone, I'm Vlad, and welcome to my latest article. If you haven't caught my previous ones, I highly recommend checking them out for some really useful content. Today, I'm excited to dive into something special: my top 10 favorite VS Code extensions. These tools are incredibly popular among developers globally, and I believe they're essential for anyone serious about coding. Top 10 Popular Extensions in 2024 https://youtu.be/A0r8xNLG700?si=yd6YhtM1bBb6LXaZ&embedable=true Visit my YouTube Channel Image Preview extension First up, we have the Image Preview extension. This tool is a lifesaver when working with HTML or CSS, as it allows you to preview images directly in the sidebar next to your code. It's perfect for verifying image URLs without leaving your editor. Indent Rainbow Next is Indent Rainbow, which makes it easier to read code by color-coding each indentation level. This visual differentiation enhances readability and can significantly improve your coding efficiency. Prettier Prettier is another must-have. This extension automatically formats your code, supporting a wide range of languages from HTML to JavaScript. Simply press `Ctrl+Shift+I` to beautify your code instantly. Thunder Client For those who work with APIs, Thunder Client is invaluable. It lets you test endpoints directly within VS Code, eliminating the need for external tools like Postman. You can make requests, view responses, and even manage parameters seamlessly. Turbo Console Log Turbo Console Log is a game-changer for debugging JavaScript. With simple shortcuts, you can quickly insert and manage console.log statements, making debugging a breeze. GitHub Copilot Extension GitHub Copilot, powered by AI, suggests code as you type, speeding up your development process significantly. It can even help write entire functions, classes, and predict the next part of the code. Live Server Live Server is a fantastic tool for web developers. It allows you to see real-time changes to your web pages as you edit your code, simulating a live environment right from your editor. Import Cost Extension Import Cost displays the size of the packages you import, helping you keep your applications lightweight. It's particularly useful for optimizing performance in frameworks like React, Vue, or Angular. GitLens GitLens enhances your version control experience by showing who made changes, when, and what those changes were, directly in your editor. It's incredibly helpful for collaborative projects. Error Lens and Code Spell Checker Lastly, Error Lens and Code Spell Checker are indispensable for maintaining code quality. Error Lens immediately highlights syntax errors, while Code Spell Checker helps non-native English speakers by identifying and correcting spelling mistakes. I hope you find these tools as beneficial as I have. If you enjoyed this article, please like and share your feedback. Also, let me know your favorite VS Code extensions; I'm always eager to learn about new tools. Don't forget to subscribe for more content, and share any topics you'd like me to cover in future articles. Hey everyone, I'm Vlad, and welcome to my latest article. If you haven't caught my previous ones, I highly recommend checking them out for some really useful content. Today, I'm excited to dive into something special: my top 10 favorite VS Code extensions. These tools are incredibly popular among developers globally, and I believe they're essential for anyone serious about coding. Top 10 Popular Extensions in 2024 https://youtu.be/A0r8xNLG700?si=yd6YhtM1bBb6LXaZ&embedable=true https://youtu.be/A0r8xNLG700?si=yd6YhtM1bBb6LXaZ&embedable=true Visit my YouTube Channel Visit my YouTube Channel Image Preview extension First up, we have the Image Preview extension. This tool is a lifesaver when working with HTML or CSS, as it allows you to preview images directly in the sidebar next to your code. It's perfect for verifying image URLs without leaving your editor. Indent Rainbow Indent Rainbow Next is Indent Rainbow, which makes it easier to read code by color-coding each indentation level. This visual differentiation enhances readability and can significantly improve your coding efficiency. Prettier Prettier is another must-have. This extension automatically formats your code, supporting a wide range of languages from HTML to JavaScript. Simply press `Ctrl+Shift+I` to beautify your code instantly. Thunder Client For those who work with APIs, Thunder Client is invaluable. It lets you test endpoints directly within VS Code, eliminating the need for external tools like Postman. You can make requests, view responses, and even manage parameters seamlessly. Turbo Console Log Turbo Console Log is a game-changer for debugging JavaScript. With simple shortcuts, you can quickly insert and manage console.log statements, making debugging a breeze. GitHub Copilot Extension GitHub Copilot, powered by AI, suggests code as you type, speeding up your development process significantly. It can even help write entire functions, classes, and predict the next part of the code. Live Server Live Server is a fantastic tool for web developers. It allows you to see real-time changes to your web pages as you edit your code, simulating a live environment right from your editor. Import Cost Extension Import Cost displays the size of the packages you import, helping you keep your applications lightweight. It's particularly useful for optimizing performance in frameworks like React, Vue, or Angular. GitLens GitLens enhances your version control experience by showing who made changes, when, and what those changes were, directly in your editor. It's incredibly helpful for collaborative projects. Error Lens and Code Spell Checker Lastly, Error Lens and Code Spell Checker are indispensable for maintaining code quality. Error Lens immediately highlights syntax errors, while Code Spell Checker helps non-native English speakers by identifying and correcting spelling mistakes. I hope you find these tools as beneficial as I have. If you enjoyed this article, please like and share your feedback. Also, let me know your favorite VS Code extensions; I'm always eager to learn about new tools. Don't forget to subscribe for more content, and share any topics you'd like me to cover in future articles.

The Developer Favorites: Top VS Code Extensions in 2024

It's been a while since my last appearance, but I'm excited to be back and to share something truly special with you. In this article, we'll explore my top 10 Google Sheets features that are guaranteed to boost your productivity, speed up your workflow, and make your data handling more efficient. So, without further ado, let's dive into these game-changing tools! https://youtu.be/iHAvhGO0Df0?si=j6ePVf_Y5814jupV&embedable=true Autofill One of the simplest yet most effective features in Google Sheets is Autofill. Imagine you need to input numbers from 1 to 100—instead of typing each one, simply start the sequence, grab the blue dot at the corner of the cell, and drag down. Google Sheets will fill the rest for you. This works not just with numbers, but with days of the week and months of the year too, saving you a significant amount of time. Removing Whitespace and Duplicates When working with large datasets, cleaning up data is crucial. Google Sheets makes this easy with tools to eliminate unwanted whitespace and duplicates. Just select your range, use the "Trim whitespace" option under Data Cleanup, and voilà—clean, tidy cells. Similarly, the "Remove duplicates" feature ensures that only unique values remain, streamlining your data for better analysis. Alternating Colors Enhancing readability can significantly improve the way you interact with your data. The "Alternating colors" feature applies different colors to alternating rows, making your spreadsheet easier to read and reducing errors when reviewing large blocks of data. Embedding Sheets in Web Pages For those who wish to integrate Google Sheets with their websites, the ability to embed sheets is invaluable. Simply choose to embed your document, copy the provided HTML code, and paste it into your website. This allows you to display live, interactive data directly on your web pages. Data Validation for Dates Data integrity can be maintained by restricting input to certain types of data. For example, you can set a cell to only accept dates. This is done through data validation, where you select "Date" as the criteria, and Google Sheets will provide a handy date picker to ensure accuracy. Importing HTML Need to pull data from a webpage into your spreadsheet? The "ImportHTML" function is your friend. Just write the formula, specify the URL, and choose the table you wish to import. This feature not only saves time but also ensures you can quickly update your spreadsheet with the latest web data. Extracting Unique Values To identify unique entries from a range, the "Unique" function is perfect. It extracts distinct values from your selected range, allowing you to see just the unique information without any repeats. Quick Sheet Creation If you need to create a new spreadsheet quickly, just type "sheets.new" in your Chrome address bar. This shortcut instantly opens a new Google Sheet, helping you get to work right away without navigating through menus. Import Range Sometimes, you might need to share data from a spreadsheet without giving access to the entire file. "Import Range" allows you to import specific ranges from one Google Sheet to another, keeping the data synchronized without manual intervention. Google Translate in Sheets Google Sheets can even translate text directly within cells using the "Google Translate" function. Simply specify the cell, the source language, and the target language, and the translation updates in real-time. Bonus Tip Column Stats For data analysts, the "Column Stats" add-on provides quick statistical insights into data columns without needing to apply complex formulas. This tool is excellent for a high-level overview of data characteristics. Inserting Images in Cells A lesser-known but handy feature is the ability to insert images directly into cells. This functionality allows for a more organized display of visual data, which can be particularly useful for inventory lists, directories, and catalogs. I hope you find these tips helpful for making the most out of Google Sheets. If you enjoyed this article, please consider liking and sharing it. Your feedback is always welcome, so feel free to drop a comment below. Don't forget to subscribe for more useful content, and I look forward to seeing you in future articles! Thank you for your support and happy sheeting! It's been a while since my last appearance, but I'm excited to be back and to share something truly special with you. In this article, we'll explore my top 10 Google Sheets features that are guaranteed to boost your productivity, speed up your workflow, and make your data handling more efficient. So, without further ado, let's dive into these game-changing tools! https://youtu.be/iHAvhGO0Df0?si=j6ePVf_Y5814jupV&embedable=true https://youtu.be/iHAvhGO0Df0?si=j6ePVf_Y5814jupV&embedable=true Autofill One of the simplest yet most effective features in Google Sheets is Autofill. Imagine you need to input numbers from 1 to 100—instead of typing each one, simply start the sequence, grab the blue dot at the corner of the cell, and drag down. Google Sheets will fill the rest for you. This works not just with numbers, but with days of the week and months of the year too, saving you a significant amount of time. Removing Whitespace and Duplicates When working with large datasets, cleaning up data is crucial. Google Sheets makes this easy with tools to eliminate unwanted whitespace and duplicates. Just select your range, use the "Trim whitespace" option under Data Cleanup, and voilà—clean, tidy cells. Similarly, the "Remove duplicates" feature ensures that only unique values remain, streamlining your data for better analysis. Alternating Colors Enhancing readability can significantly improve the way you interact with your data. The "Alternating colors" feature applies different colors to alternating rows, making your spreadsheet easier to read and reducing errors when reviewing large blocks of data. Embedding Sheets in Web Pages For those who wish to integrate Google Sheets with their websites, the ability to embed sheets is invaluable. Simply choose to embed your document, copy the provided HTML code, and paste it into your website. This allows you to display live, interactive data directly on your web pages. Data Validation for Dates Data integrity can be maintained by restricting input to certain types of data. For example, you can set a cell to only accept dates. This is done through data validation, where you select "Date" as the criteria, and Google Sheets will provide a handy date picker to ensure accuracy. Importing HTML Need to pull data from a webpage into your spreadsheet? The "ImportHTML" function is your friend. Just write the formula, specify the URL, and choose the table you wish to import. This feature not only saves time but also ensures you can quickly update your spreadsheet with the latest web data. Extracting Unique Values To identify unique entries from a range, the "Unique" function is perfect. It extracts distinct values from your selected range, allowing you to see just the unique information without any repeats. Quick Sheet Creation If you need to create a new spreadsheet quickly, just type "sheets.new" in your Chrome address bar. This shortcut instantly opens a new Google Sheet, helping you get to work right away without navigating through menus. Import Range Sometimes, you might need to share data from a spreadsheet without giving access to the entire file. "Import Range" allows you to import specific ranges from one Google Sheet to another, keeping the data synchronized without manual intervention. Google Translate in Sheets Google Sheets can even translate text directly within cells using the "Google Translate" function. Simply specify the cell, the source language, and the target language, and the translation updates in real-time. Bonus Tip Column Stats For data analysts, the "Column Stats" add-on provides quick statistical insights into data columns without needing to apply complex formulas. This tool is excellent for a high-level overview of data characteristics. Inserting Images in Cells A lesser-known but handy feature is the ability to insert images directly into cells. This functionality allows for a more organized display of visual data, which can be particularly useful for inventory lists, directories, and catalogs. I hope you find these tips helpful for making the most out of Google Sheets. If you enjoyed this article, please consider liking and sharing it. Your feedback is always welcome, so feel free to drop a comment below. Don't forget to subscribe for more useful content, and I look forward to seeing you in future articles! Thank you for your support and happy sheeting!

Top 10 Favorite Google Sheets Features for Everyday Work

USA v. Samuel Bankman-Fried Court Filing, retrieved on March 15, 2024 is part of . You can jump to any part in this filing . This part is 6 of 33. HackerNoon’s Legal PDF Series here II. The Defendant’s Scheme to Make Unlawful Political Contributions In addition to the offenses of conviction, Bankman-Fried was charged with conspiring to violate the Federal Election Campaign Act and defraud the Federal Election Commission. While Bankman-Fried consented to extradition on that count, the government of The Bahamas informed the United States after the extradition that Bankman-Fried had not been extradited on the campaign finance count. (Dkt. 181). For that reason alone, the Government was unable to proceed to trial on what was Count Eight of the original Indictment. Nonetheless, the Court ruled that the Government could present evidence of the campaign finance scheme as direct evidence of the other charged crimes, including to show motive and the relationship between co-conspirators. (Dkt. 289 at 3). At trial, the Government proved Bankman-Fried’s involvement in a conspiracy to make over $100 million in political donations to federal and state officials from both parties, as well as political action committees, all funded with funds from Alameda (and ultimately customers). As the trial evidence established, the defendant passed these donations through accounts belonging to Ryan Salame and Singh (both of whom pled guilty to conspiracy to violate the campaign finance laws). (GX-1088, 1089, 1090). All of the contributions that were funded by Alameda or the defendant, but reported in the names of Salame or Singh, violated the campaign finance laws. Likewise, all of the contributions that were funded by Alameda, a corporation, and made to individual candidates violated the prohibition on corporate contributions to candidates. The defendant’s scheme spanned several years and was plainly designed to permit the defendant to amass power and influence. Beginning in or around 2020, Bankman-Fried began donating large sums of funds to political candidates, at least in part to improve his personal standing in Washington, D.C., increase FTX’s profile, and curry favor with candidates that could help pass legislation favorable to FTX or Bankman-Fried’s personal agenda, including legislation concerning regulatory oversight over FTX and its industry. To accomplish these goals, BankmanFried caused substantial contributions to be made in support of candidates of both major political parties and across the political spectrum. Bankman-Fried, however, did not want to be known as a left-leaning partisan, or to have his name publicly attached to Republican candidates. (GX-477). In order to obscure his association with certain contributions, Bankman-Fried conspired with others including Salame and Singh, to make some of the contributions in the names of Salame and Singh, instead of in the names Bankman-Fried or Alameda. (Tr. 1420-23; 1427-36). As Salame explained in a private message to a confidant, the purpose of these bipartisan donations would be “to weed out anti crypto dems for pro crypto dems and anti crypto repubs for pro crypto repubs,” and that donations would likely be routed through Salame “to weed out that republican side.” (GX505). Between in or about the fall of 2021 and the November 2022 election, Salame, BankmanFried, and Singh collectively made tens of millions of dollars in contributions, including in “hard money” contributions to federal candidates from both major political parties. (GX-28). The money used to make these political donations or to compensate for donations made by credit card originated from Alameda or FTX bank accounts and included funds that had been deposited by FTX customers. (GX-1088, 1089, 1090). Notwithstanding his awareness of the campaign finance laws, in order to conceal the true source of the funds, Bankman-Fried agreed with others that funds for contributions would be transferred from Alameda’s bank accounts to bank accounts in the name of the political donors, and then quickly transferred from those individuals’ bank accounts to political campaigns. To further conceal the scheme, Bankman-Fried and his co-conspirators recorded the outgoing wire transfers from Alameda to individuals’ bank accounts for purposes of making contributions as Alameda “loans” or “expenses.” (GX-480A; Tr. 1458-61). But unlike other loans that were made to FTX executives, most of these outgoing wire payments were not documented in agreements or on term sheets, and there were no set interest rates, no interest payments, no collateral, and no evidence of repayment. In total, Bankman-Fried and his co-conspirators made over 300 political contributions, totaling tens of millions of dollars, that were unlawful because they were made in the name of a straw donor or paid for with corporate funds. The proposed preliminary order of forfeiture lists the contributions identified by the Government. In dozens of instances, use of straw donors allowed Bankman-Fried to evade contribution limits on individual donations to candidates to whom Bankman-Fried had already donated. As a result of this fraudulent conduct, Bankman-Fried and his co-conspirators caused false information to be reported by campaigns and PACs to the FEC, which had the result of impairing and impeding the FEC’s reporting and enforcement functions. The defendant argues that the Court should not consider the defendant’s unlawful political contributions for two reasons. (Def. Mem. at 27). First, he argues that the Government did not prove this conduct by a preponderance of the evidence at trial. But at trial Singh testified that funds were transferred from Alameda to his bank account and then Salame, as part of the conspiracy with the defendant, would transfer those funds to political campaigns as if those were donations from Singh. (Tr. 1420-38). The Government also introduced documentary evidence at trial of this scheme. Government Exhibit 475, the “Donation Processing” Signal chat, provides evidence that Bankman-Fried coordinated sending Alameda funds through the accounts of Singh, Salame, and Bankman-Fried. Government Exhibit 477, a Signal chat between Singh and another person working for the defendant, also shows that certain donations would be made in Singh’s name instead of the defendant’s name. Government Exhibit 28 is a spreadsheet that was maintained by the defendant to track contributions being made in his name, Singh’s name, and Salame’s name. The Government also traced funds from Alameda through bank accounts in the names of Singh, Salame, and Bankman-Fried, on to the accounts of political campaigns. Those tracing charts were admitted into evidence as Government Exhibits 1088, 1089, and 1090. Based on all of that evidence, there is sufficient proof for the Court to conclude by a preponderance of the evidence that the defendant committed violations of the campaign finance laws. To the extent the defendant’s willfulness is at issue, it was established by the inherent aspects of concealment involved in the crime, and the fact that, as several witnesses discussed, the defendant was sophisticated when it came to politics. Additionally, while it is not necessary here, the Court is not constrained by the trial record and may consider additional evidence in connection with sentencing, or hold a hearing, at which the Government would establish that the defendant acted willfully. Second, the defendant complains that he was not permitted to call Bradley Smith as an expert witness at trial. But the testimony for which he was noticed is irrelevant for this proceeding. The defendant says that “Professor Smith would have offered expert testimony concerning ‘[c]ommon, established, and well-known practices for large-scale political giving campaigns,’ as well as testimony ‘to rebut evidence which may be offered by the Government concerning issues of campaign finance and political donations.’” (Def. Mem. at 28 (quoting Def.’s Expert Notice)). But such general testimony would not undermine the clear evidence that money was being laundered through straw donors’ accounts to make illegal contributions. And under the Rules of Evidence, Professor Smith would not be permitted to testify about the defendant’s mental state, Fed. R. Evid. 704(b), so it is not clear how his noticed testimony would have been probative of any of the sentencing issues. If it were, the defendant would have presumably offered some of Professor Smith’s opinions as part of his sentencing submission. Continue Reading . Here About HackerNoon Legal PDF Series: We bring you the most important technical and insightful public domain court case filings. This court case retrieved on March 15, 2024, from is part of the public domain. The court-created documents are works of the federal government, and under copyright law, are automatically placed in the public domain and may be shared without legal restriction. storage.courtlistener

SBF's Scheme to Curry Favor with  Unlawful Political Contributions Worth Over $100 Million

A historical mistake and how you can solve it TL;DR: Most languages fail to find the correct behavior for leap year calculation. Disclaimer: While I've tried my best to provide accurate insights across various programming languages, I acknowledge that I may not be an expert in everyone. If you spot an error or disagree with any points, please leave a respectful comment, and I'll promptly address it. The State of the Art Determining whether a year is a leap (or not) is a simple mathematical problem. Every student can solve it as their first programming assignment. To simplify the problem, let's assume a Year is when it is evenly divisible by 4, except if it's also divisible by 100, but it is a leap year if it's divisible by 400. leap The real world and cosmic mechanics are a bit more complicated, but that is beyond the scope of this article. Let's explore how several programming languages solve this problem: Horrible Approach PHP: <?php

$yearNumber = 2024;
$isLeap = date('L', mktime(0, 0, 0, 1, 1, $yearNumber)); SQL (PostgreSQL): SELECT (EXTRACT(year FROM TIMESTAMP '2024-02-29') IS NOT NULL)
 AS is_leap_year; These languages attempt to create a valid (or invalid) leap day and exploit . truthy values This hack violates the fail-fast principle and abuses the . billion-dollar mistake Trying to create an invalid date should throw an exception in serious languages since this happens in the . real world domain Performing other actions, like concealing errors beneath the surface, breaches the principle of least astonishment. Missing Behavior Ada: function Is_Leap_Year (Year : Integer) return Boolean is
begin
    return (Year mod 4 = 0 and then Year mod 100 /= 0) 
        or else (Year mod 400 = 0);
end Is_Leap_Year; C/C++: bool isLeapYear(int year) {
    return (year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0) || (year % 400 == 0);
} Go: package main

import (
  "fmt"
  "time"
)

func isLeapYear(year int) bool {
  return year%4 == 0 && (year%100 != 0 || year%400 == 0)
} Haskell: import Data.Time.Calendar (isLeapYear)
let year = 2024
let isLeap = isLeapYear year JavaScript/TypeScript: function isLeapYear(year) {
    return (year % 4 === 0 && year % 100 !== 0) || (year % 400 === 0);
} Julia: using Dates
year = 2024
isleap(year) Lua: local year = 2024
local isLeap = (year % 4 == 0 and year % 100 ~= 0) or (year % 400 == 0) MATLAB: year = 2024;
isLeap = mod(year, 4) == 0 && (mod(year, 100) ~= 0 || mod(year, 400) == 0); Objective-C: int yearNumber = 2024;
BOOL isLeap = (yearNumber % 4 == 0 && yearNumber % 100 != 0) 
  || (yearNumber % 400 == 0); PowerShell: $yearNumber = 2024
$isLeap = ($yearNumber % 4 -eq 0 -and $yearNumber % 100 -ne 0) 
  -or ($yearNumber % 400 -eq 0) Rust: fn is_leap_year(year: i32) -> bool {
    (year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0) || (year % 400 == 0)
} Smalltalk: | yearNumber |
yearNumber := 2024.
(yearNumber \\ 4 = 0)
  and: [(yearNumber \\ 100 ~= 0) or: [ yearNumber \\ 400 = 0 ]] The above languages do not provide native support. You need to define global functions or use . helpers Incorrect Global Approach PHP (Again): <?php

$yearNumber = 2024;
$isLeap = checkdate(2, 29, $yearNumber); R: leap_year(2024) Ruby: year = 2024
is_leap = Date.leap?(year) Swift: let yearNumber = 2024
let isLeap = Calendar.current.isDateInLeapYear(
  Date(timeIntervalSince1970: TimeInterval(yearNumber))) These languages use to check if a year is a leap. global functions These global methods mistakenly place responsibility in the wrong location (a global access point). utility Helpers Bad Approach C#: int yearNumber = 2024;
bool isLeap = System.DateTime.IsLeapYear(yearNumber); Dart: import 'package:intl/intl.dart';
var year = 2024;
var isLeap = DateTime(year).isLeapYear; Perl: use Time::Piece;
my $yearNumber = 2024;
my $isLeap = Time::Piece
  ->strptime("$yearNumber-01-01", "%Y-%m-%d")->leapyear; Python: import calendar
leap = calendar.isleap(2024) Visual Basic .NET: Dim year As Integer = 2024
Dim isLeap As Boolean = DateTime.IsLeapYear(year) These languages use as libraries to check if a year is a leap. helpers The is not present in a real object but in a bag of . misplaced responsibly DateTime related functions The Year Approach Java: int yearNumber = 2024;
boolean isLeap = java.time.Year.of(yearNumber).isLeap(); Kotlin: val yearNumber = 2024
val isLeap = java.time.Year.of(yearNumber).isLeap Scala: val year = 2024
val isLeap = java.time.Year.of(year).isLeap These languages rely on the to check if it is a leap. Year The protocol is closer to the real world in the bijection Notice they create objects and not objects since this would also break the . Year Integer bijection A has a different protocol than an integer, and modeling a Year as an integer would also be a smell and a symptom of mixing . Year premature optimization the what and the how A can tell if it is a leap (an integer shouldn't do it) and can tell you about its months (which are , not integers, 1-based integers, or strings). Year Months 0-based Conversely, an 's capabilities extend to arithmetic operations such as multiplication and exponentiation. Integer Time is not a joke Representing a point in time as a , , or any other data type comes with consequences. float integer You can break a point in time in the real world in tiny fractions (but not ) too small Using is not a valid option. floats is not 0.03, and this has terrible consequences points in time. 0.01 + 0.02 dealing with floating point The Challenge We've been talking about leap years. What are the needs to know if a year is a leap? The date and time mechanics you model need to know the February 28th, 2024 successor. But this is your problem. NOT Following the information hiding principle, you should leave the responsibility as a private protocol. Conclusion There is no . Silver Bullet Use your language wisely. Today is February 29th, a leap day to pause and reflect on the tools you use daily. See you in 4 years.

Rethinking Leap Years: Why Your Favorite Programming Language's Approach May Be Flawed

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